Seismic Vulnerability Assessment of Building Stocks in the Western Zone of Surat-City, Gujarat, India, Using the Capacity Spectrum–Based Method

Abstract

Recent advancements in computer science and data-driven decision making have greatly decreased the impact of natural disasters on civilization. The Western zone of Surat, a city in Gujarat, India, is examined as a study area to assess the seismic vulnerability of the structures using the capacity spectrum method. A thorough field survey was carried out in the Western zone of Surat to create detailed building stock inventory. The building information was gathered through a comprehensive field survey, which involved collecting, organizing, enhancing, and finalizing the data. The data were determined based on factors, such as the building’s height, material, configuration, and year of construction. The seismic hazard in the city’s area is described using response spectra based on Indian seismic provision IS 1893: Part-I for seismic zone-III. According to the survey, the majority of the buildings in the Adajan area are special moment-resisting reinforced concrete (RC) building frame structures. ArcGIS Pro software is utilized to manage collected information for developing seismic vulnerability scenarios. The results indicate that midrise building structures designed according to older versions of the seismic codes are more susceptible to lateral damage. The results of the cluster mapping analysis carried out in the Western region help pinpoint the urban area that is vulnerable to seismic activity at a local regional level. This study presents a new method for evaluating the susceptibility of structures to seismic events by measuring the level of uncertainty, denoted by the factor β, estimated for seismic standards in India. Doing so allows for more precise forecasts of structural harm on a regional scale, which is essential for metropolitan regions such as Surat, where rapid urbanization and a dense population contribute to heightened seismic vulnerabilities. Our research utilizes the capacity spectrum method to offer practical insights for urban planners, engineers, and policy-makers in identifying and prioritizing buildings at risk and needing upgrading. This approach conforms to local norms and improves the predicted precision of seismic evaluations, rendering it an essential instrument for disaster management and safety inspections. Applying these findings in practice can make urban areas more resistant to seismic activities, significantly reducing the risks and protecting residents from potential damages. This study cultivates a culture of readiness and advocates for elevated building safety standards, thus enhancing the safety and sustainability of places prone to seismic activity.