Dynamic Characteristics of Polyurethane-Bonded Rubber Particle–Sand Mixture Subject to Freeze–Thaw Cycling

Abstract

Brittle failures were observed in pile foundations during past earthquakes due to seasonally frozen ground. This paper introduces a new geosynthetic material derived from waste tires, i.e., polyurethane-bonded rubber particles and sand, termed PolyBRuS, for application around deep foundations to improve their seismic performance in cold regions. Cyclic triaxial tests were carried out at various temperatures, confining pressures, and freeze–thaw cycles to assess the cold-weather dynamic characteristics of PolyBRuS. The results show that the material behaves as a nonlinear viscoelastic material at an axial strain of less than 1%. Its dynamic elastic modulus rises after freezing and continues to increase as temperature drops, but it is much less sensitive to confining pressures and freeze–thaw cycles; its damping ratio rises significantly with increasing axial strains and decreasing subfreezing temperatures and declines moderately with increasing freeze–thaw cycles. Compared with natural soils, its dynamic elastic modulus is similar to those of unfrozen fine-grained soils and is much less sensitive to subfreezing temperatures; its damping ratio is comparable to that of fine-grained unfrozen soils and is substantially higher than frozen soils at subfreezing temperatures. These characteristics make this material an excellent candidate to replace local soil around deep foundations for vibration reduction and seismic hazard mitigation in cold regions.