Characterization of Annular Cement Permeability of a Logged Well Section Using Pressure–Pulse Decay Measurements

Abstract

The cement behind casings is an important barrier element in wells that should provide zonal isolation along the well. The hardened cement does not always isolate permeable formations, either due to placement issues or loads that over time compromise the integrity of the barrier. The modern method used to characterize the annular material is ultrasonic logging which provides essential information concerning the type of material behind casing, but no measurement of the annular permeability. This study provides permeability characterization of a casing-cement sandwich joint retrieved from a 33 years old production well that has been logged at surface using a state-of-the-art ultrasonic tool. The joint contains an interval of low-permeable cement that previously has prevented permeability measurement by gas injection. A pressure–pulse decay test method has now been performed that is based on monitoring the evolution of a pressure pulse through the joint. Long-term pressure measurements show communication through the entire joint and are in qualitative agreement with the log. A pressure diffusion model is used to estimate local permeability along the joint, enabling comparison of log response and permeability. The low-permeable region is relatively short, situated directly on top of a casing collar, and has permeability that is orders of magnitude lower than the cement above and below. In the longer term, results from this and related studies can be used as input for future sustained casing pressure evaluations or for quantifying seepage risk behind casings for abandonment designs.