Adaptive Synchronization of Complex Dynamical Networks in Presence of Coupling Connections With Dynamical Behavior

Abstract

In this paper, the synchronization of complex dynamical networks (CDNs) is investigated, where coupling connections are expressed in terms of state-space equations. As it is shown in simulation results, such links can greatly affect the synchronization and cause synchronization loss, while many real-world networks have these types of connections. With or without time-delay, two different models of the CDNs are presented. Then, by introducing a distributed adaptive controller, the synchronization conditions are derived by utilizing the Lyapunov(–Krasovskii) theorem. These conditions are provided in the form of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs), which can be easily solved by standard LMI solvers even for large networks due to a few numbers of scalar decision variables. At the end, illustrative numerical examples are given to specify the effectiveness of the proposed methods.