CHARACTERISTICS OF THE FREE ATMOSPHERE

Abstract

?This report was prepared in 1916, but on account of the war it was not then published.? The subject is discussed under the following headings: Methods and places of observation. Amount and reliability of the material. Mean temperatures and gradients. The seasonal variation. The daily temperature range. The humidity. The troposphere and stratosphere. Pressure and density. The motion of the free atmosphere. Statistical data. The connection between pressure and temperature. The vertical temperature gradient and the value of Hc. Appendix. The standard deviations of the density of the air from 1 to 13 kilometers. and the frequency of occurrence of deviations of given magnitude. In general the paper deals with data and conclusions that had already been presented elsewhere, but they are here brought together into concise form, together with some of the more recent results. The readers thus enabled to gain a comprehensive idea of the whole subject without having to consult several separate papers that have appeared from time to time in various publications.