Journal of Applied Meteorology: Recent submissions
Now showing items 4461-4480 of 6019
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Surface Energy Fluxes of Arctic Winter Sea Ice in Barrow Strait
(American Meteorological Society, 1996)The surface energy balance of sea ice was measured during degree one-week periods in November, January, and February of 1980?81 in the Barrow Strait, Northwest Territories, Canada. Turbulent fluxes were derived with the ... -
Aircraft Measurements of Ageostrophic Winds
(American Meteorological Society, 1996)The Wyoming King Air flew along the 319.5-K isentropic surface and measured ageostrophic winds in the exit region of a polar jet on 8 March 1992. Ageostrophic winds were derived from 1) differences between geostrophic and ... -
Relationships among Remotely Sensed Data, Surface Energy Balance, and Area-Averaged Fluxes over Partially Vegetated Land Surfaces
(American Meteorological Society, 1996)Numerous recent field experiments have examined the use of remote sensing to estimate land surface fluxes of latent and sensible heat using combinations of thermal, visible, and near-infrared data. While substantial progress ... -
Assessment of Rainfall Measurement That Uses Specific Differential Phase
(American Meteorological Society, 1996)This paper examines some effects of drop size distribution and shape on the rainfall-rate estimates obtained from the specific differential phase. An algorithm that uses exclusively the specific differential phase is ... -
Constrained Regression in Satellite Meteorology
(American Meteorological Society, 1996)Least squares or regression techniques have been used for many problems in satellite meteorology. Because of the large number of variables and the linear dependence among these variables, colinearity causes significant ... -
Improvement to a Neural Network Cloud Classifier
(American Meteorological Society, 1996)Examination of various feature selection algorithms has led to an improvement in the performance of a probabilistic neural network (PNN) cloud classifier. Thee algorithms reduce the number of network inputs by eliminating ... -
Characteristics of the NOAA/NESDIS Cloud Retrieval Algorithm Using HIRS-MSU Radiance Measurements
(American Meteorological Society, 1996)A cloud retrieval algorithm using NOAA/National Environmental Satellite, Data and Information Service High-Resolution Infrared Radiation Sounder 2 Microwave Sounding Unit measurements from a polar-orbiting satellite, ... -
Quantifying Cloud-Induced Shortwave Absorption: An Examination of Uncertainties and of Recent Arguments for Large Excess Absorption
(American Meteorological Society, 1996)The quantification of cloud-induced shortwave atmospheric absorption is a painstaking task and often the subject of contention. Several analytical methods previously used for this purpose are examined in detail applying ... -
Remote Sensing of Cloud Optical Properties from Ground-Based Measurements of Transmittance: A Feasibility Study
(American Meteorological Society, 1996)The authors present a retrieval technique for the inference of cloud optical depth from data obtained by a ground-based multichannel radiometer for use in climate-related studies. The basic steps of the analysis procedure ... -
Classification of Mesoscale Wind Fields in the MISTRAL Field Experiment
(American Meteorological Society, 1996)A two-stage classification scheme with outlier detection is proposed to find groups of wind fields. A hierarchical cluster analysis according to the complete linkage method is combined with a k-means procedure with detection ... -
A Mass-Conservative, Positive-Definite, and Efficient Eulerian Advection Scheme in Spherical Geometry and on a Nonuniform Grid System
(American Meteorological Society, 1996)The flux-form advection scheme of Bott is modified for the spherical coordinates, combined with the expanded-polar-zone (EPZ) technique to improve the overall performance of the advection calculations. With the EPZ technique, ... -
Stochastic Weather Simulation: Overview and Analysis of Two Commonly Used Models
(American Meteorological Society, 1996)Two stochastic weather simulation models (USCLIMATE and CLIGEN) were compared for their performance in replicating observed precipitation, temperature, and solar radiation variables at six locations in the United States. ... -
High-Resolution Passive Microwave Observations of Convective Systems over the Tropical Pacific Ocean
(American Meteorological Society, 1996)This paper presents high-resolution passive microwave measurements obtained in the western Pacific warm pool region. These measurements represent the most comprehensive such observations of convection over the tropical ... -
Passive Microwave Observations of the Stratiform Regions of Two Tropical Oceanic Mesoscale Convective Systems
(American Meteorological Society, 1996)High-resolution passive microwave observations within the stratiform regions of two different tropical oceanic mesoscale convective systems are investigated in detail. The observations were obtained from the Advanced ... -
An Algorithm for Inferring Surface UV Irradiance Including Cloud Effects
(American Meteorological Society, 1996)Recent extratropical ozone depletion and the concomitant increase in surface ultraviolet (UV) radiation may be expected to adversely influence the biosphere. Since few long-term, high quality datasets of surface UV are ... -
Non-Rayleigh Signal Statistics Caused by Relative Motion during Measurements
(American Meteorological Society, 1996)In order to reduce fluctuations, remote sensing devices such as radars and radiometers typically sample many times before forming an estimate. When mean values are stationary during this sampling period, the fluctuations ... -
An Investigation of the Conditional Sampling Method Used to Estimate Fluxes of Active, Reactive, and Passive Scalars
(American Meteorological Society, 1996)The conditional sampling flux measurement technique was evaluated for four scalars (temperature, water vapor, ozone, and carbon dioxide) by comparison with direct eddy correlation measurements at two sites. The empirical ... -
Topographic Vorticity-Mode Mesoscale-β (TVM) Model. Part I: Formulation
(American Meteorological Society, 1996)The three-dimensional, flat-terrain, finite-difference URBMET vorticity, mode mesoscale-? model has been modified to include topographic effects. The resulting topographic vorticity-mode mesoscale-? (TVM) model is hydrostatic, ... -
Topographic Vorticity-Mode Mesoscale-β (TVM) Model. Part II: Evaluation
(American Meteorological Society, 1996)The new topographic vorticity-mode mesoscale-? (TVM) model, whose formulation is described in Part I of this paper, was used to simulate data from the June 1983 Sixth European Remote Sensing Campaign on Air Pollution at ... -
High Levels of Winter Air Pollution under the Influence of the Urban Heat Island along the Shore of Tokyo Bay
(American Meteorological Society, 1996)A wintertime small-scale sea breeze associated with high levels of air pollution is described, in which the urban heat island plays an important role. Over a major portion of the Kanto plain, the winter surface air temperature ...