Journal of Applied Meteorology: Recent submissions
Now showing items 4441-4460 of 6019
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Mesoscale Modeling of Summertime Refractive Conditions in the Southern California Bight
(American Meteorological Society, 1997)Large vertical gradients of temperature and moisture, often present at the top of the atmospheric boundary layer, can result in anomalous electromagnetic propagation. Layers in which the modified refractive index M decreases ... -
Effect of Seasonality of Snow Accumulation and Melt on Snow Surface Energy Exchanges at a Continental Alpine Site
(American Meteorological Society, 1997)Snow surface energy exchanges and snowmelt were measured during the 1994 and 1995 snowmelt seasons at an alpine site in the Colorado Front Range (3517 m MSL, 40°03?N, 105°35?W). Following a maximum accumulation of 0.49-m ... -
Winter Morning Air Temperature
(American Meteorological Society, 1997)Results of temperature measurements, which may be applied to inference of winter temperatures in data-sparse areas, are presented. The morning air temperatures during three winters were measured at 80 places in a 10 km ? ... -
A Variational Method for Computing Surface Heat Fluxes from ARM Surface Energy and Radiation Balance Systems
(American Meteorological Society, 1997)A variational method is developed to compute surface fluxes of sensible and latent heat from observed wind, temperature, humidity, and surface energy and radiation budget by the surface energy and radiation balance systems ... -
Radiative Transfer in the IAGL Land Surface Model
(American Meteorological Society, 1997)The radiation subscheme of a land surface model is presented. It is based on the two-stream approximation and includes explicit calculations for the scattering coefficients of direct and diffuse radiation. It applies to ... -
Comments on “A Reexamination of the Formation of Exhaust Condensation Trails by Jet Aircraft”
(American Meteorological Society, 1996)No abstract available -
A New Formulation for the Critical Temperature for Contrail Formation
(American Meteorological Society, 1996)A new formulation of the equations describing the conditions necessary for aircraft exhaust contrail formation is derived from the fundamental necessary condition. First, the original solution of Appleman is derived from ... -
A Method for Estimating the Hydrologic Input from Fog in Mountainous Terrain
(American Meteorological Society, 1996)A methodology for obtaining estimates of the spatial distribution of fog water volume collected by a tree canopy in complex terrain is described. The method includes assumptions about the shape and spacing of the trees, ... -
Interpretation of Mesocyclone Vorticity and Divergence Structure from Single-Doppler Radar
(American Meteorological Society, 1996)A kinematic mesocyclone model is developed to better approximate mesocyclone flows observed by single-Doppler radar. The model is described by two general flow regimes: an inner core region where velocity varies directly ... -
Regional Roughness Parameters and Momentum Fluxes over a Complex Area
(American Meteorological Society, 1996)Regional surface parameters of the roughness length z0 and the displacement height d0 needed to estimate the surface fluxes of a complex region were determined by applying a profile equation to 121 reliable wind profiles ... -
Possible Effect of Kelvin-Helmholtz Instability on VHF Radar Observations of the Mean Vertical Wind
(American Meteorological Society, 1996)Mean vertical velocities are of great interest in meteorology and vertically directed VHF radar have been used to measure directly. Recently it has been pointed out that in a gravity wave with upward energy propagation the ... -
Large-Scale Recirculation of Air over Southern Africa
(American Meteorological Society, 1996)Kinematic air parcel trajectory analysis is used to determine patterns of horizontal air transport in 2000 km ? 2000 km areas over southern Africa. From these, composite zonal and meridional transport fields are derived ... -
An Example of Supercooled Drizzle Drops Formed through a Collision-Coalescence Process
(American Meteorological Society, 1996)The microphysics associated with observations of supercooled drizzle drops, which formed through a condensation and collision-coalescence process, are reported and discussed. The growth environment was an 1100-m-thick ... -
Universal Approximation Formulas of Curvature Correction and Equilibrium Sizes of Hygroscopic Particles
(American Meteorological Society, 1996)Theoretical analysis shows that when water activity is larger than its threshold value and the dry radius of a particle is larger than 0.005 µm, the deviation of curvature correction from unity can be accurately represented ... -
Modeling Pollutant Transport during High-Ozone Episodes in the Southern Appalachian Mountains
(American Meteorological Society, 1996)Airflow patterns and pollution transport in the southern Appalachian Mountains region of the southeastern United States are examined using mesoscale meteorological models and a Lagrangian particle dispersion model (LPDM). ... -
Boundary Layer Evolution within a Canyonland Basin. Part II: Numerical Simulations of Nocturnal Flows and Heat Budgets
(American Meteorological Society, 1996)A mesoscale model is used to simulate the nocturnal evolution of the wind and temperature fields within a small, elliptical basin located in western Colorado that has a drainage area of about 84 km2. The numerical results ... -
Boundary Layer Evolution within a Canyonland Basin. Part I: Mass, Heat, and Moisture Budgets from Observations
(American Meteorological Society, 1996)Individual terms of the mass, heat, and moisture budget equations are evaluated for an atmospheric control volume in Colorado's Sinbad Basin using tethered balloon and surface energy budget data obtained during a 16.5-h ... -
Numerical Modeling of the Effects of a Thermal Fence on Pollutant Dispersion in the Stable Atmospheric Boundary Layer
(American Meteorological Society, 1996)Numerical studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of a line of heating-that is, a thermal fence-on the short-range (less than 1 km from the pollutant source) dispersion of pollutants under various stable nighttime ... -
A Semi-Lagrangian Spectral Algorithm for Pollutant Transport and Diffusion Studies
(American Meteorological Society, 1996)A semi-Lagrangian model was developed based on the atmospheric transport-diffusion equation, employing the semi-Lagrangian technique incorporated with the spectral method. The numerical algorithms of the semi-Lagrangian ... -
Very Large Potential Temperature Lapse Rates and Low Turbulence Levels during Spring Thaw on the Prairies
(American Meteorological Society, 1996)Observations show that two phenomena that are generally considered mutually exclusive occur both night and day during spring thaw over flat cultivated prairies: extremely large potential temperature lapse rates and low ...