Journal of Applied Meteorology: Recent submissions
Now showing items 4161-4180 of 6019
-
Estimation of Mean Rain Rate through Censoring
(American Meteorological Society, 1999)A mixed lognormal distribution is fit to rain-rate data to estimate the space?time average. To mitigate problems associated with biased data, data below a minimum and above a maximum threshold are treated as if they are ... -
Point-to-Area Rescaling of Probabilistic Quantitative Precipitation Forecasts
(American Meteorological Society, 1999)A probabilistic quantitative precipitation forecast (PQPF) is prepared judgmentally by a meteorologist based on a guidance PQPF. The predictand of a judgmental PQPF is the spatially averaged precipitation amount. The ... -
Analysis of Cold Airmass Temperature Modification across the U.S. Great Plains as a Consequence of Snow Depth and Albedo
(American Meteorological Society, 1999)The presence of snow cover has been shown to modify atmospheric conditions through much of the earth?s troposphere due to its radiative effects. Snow cover has garnered much attention in recent decades as a result of ... -
A Global Analysis of Snow Depth for Numerical Weather Prediction
(American Meteorological Society, 1999)The operational analysis of snow depth at the Canadian Meteorological Centre is described. The analysis makes use of forecasts of precipitation and analyses of screen-level temperature to estimate snowfall and snowmelt for ... -
Retrieval of Land Surface Albedo from Satellite Observations: A Simulation Study
(American Meteorological Society, 1999)Land surface albedo is a critical parameter affecting the earth?s climate and is required by global and regional climatic modeling and surface energy balance monitoring. Surface albedo retrieved from satellite observations ... -
Development and Application of a Visible–Infrared Rain Flag for Scatterometer Data
(American Meteorological Society, 1999)The authors report on characteristics of a rain flag derived from collocation of visible and infrared image data with rain rates over the North Atlantic Ocean obtained from microwave imagery (SSM/I) during a 3-week period ... -
Calibration and Alignment
(American Meteorological Society, 1999)Discrepancies between estimates of rainfall from ground-based radar and satellite observing systems can be attributed to either calibration differences or to geolocation and sampling differences. These latter include ... -
The Contribution to Tropical Rainfall with respect to Convective System Type, Size, and Intensity Estimated from the 85-GHz Ice-Scattering Signature
(American Meteorological Society, 1999)This study compiled a database of precipitating cloud clusters from 85-GHz data in 10 regions of the wet Tropics for a calendar year (November 1992?October 1993). The cloud clusters were grouped into four classes of basic ... -
Atmospheric Latent Heating Distributions in the Tropics Derived from Satellite Passive Microwave Radiometer Measurements
(American Meteorological Society, 1999)A method for the remote sensing of three-dimensional latent heating distributions in precipitating tropical weather systems from satellite passive microwave observations is presented. In this method, cloud model simulated ... -
Effects of Soil Moisture on Temperatures, Winds, and Pollutant Concentrations in Los Angeles
(American Meteorological Society, 1999)This paper examines the effects of soil moisture initialization in a coupled air quality?meteorological model on temperature profiles, wind speeds, and pollutant concentrations. Three simulations, each with different initial ... -
A Local Parameterization Scheme for σw under Stable Conditions
(American Meteorological Society, 1999)Turbulence in stable conditions is local, that is, it is locally defined by small eddies. A local formulation for σw based on a level 2 approximation of Mellor and Yamada (1974) is proposed. The proposed formulation is ... -
A Simplified Equation for Paulson’s Ψm(Z/L) Formulation for Overwater Applications
(American Meteorological Society, 1999)The mathematical formulation of Paulson?s ?m(Z/L) that applies to the unstable atmospheric boundary layer has been simplified. The authors propose that ?m(Z/L) = a(?Z/L)b, where the coefficients a and b have been determined. ... -
A Note on Businger’s Derivation of Nondimensional Wind and Temperature Profiles under Unstable Conditions
(American Meteorological Society, 1999)Using heuristic arguments, Businger presented a derivation of the so-called Dyer?Businger formulas for nondimensional wind and temperature profiles. In this note it is shown that by slightly changing this ?derivation,? ... -
A Microwave Infrared Threshold Technique to Improve the GOES Precipitation Index
(American Meteorological Society, 1999)A method to improve the GOES Precipitation Index (GPI) technique by combining satellite microwave and infrared (IR) data is proposed and tested. Using microwave-based rainfall estimates, the method, termed the Universally ... -
Analysis of Upper-Tropospheric Water Vapor Brightness Temperatures from SSM/T2, HIRS, and GMS-5 VISSR
(American Meteorological Society, 1999)Satellite microwave and infrared instruments sensitive to upper-tropospheric water vapor (UTWV) are compared using both simulated and observed cloud-cleared brightness temperatures (Tb?s). To filter out cloudy scenes, a ... -
Estimation of Surface Radiation and Energy Flux Densities from Single-Level Weather Data
(American Meteorological Society, 1999)A scheme is proposed that relates surface flux densities of sensible heat, latent heat, and momentum to routine weather data. The scheme contains parameterizations concerning the radiation components and the surface energy ... -
A Physical Formulation of Atmospheric Transmittances for the Massive Assimilation of Satellite Infrared Radiances
(American Meteorological Society, 1999)A continuous assimilation of high-density global satellite observations is required in order to improve numerical weather prediction analyses used to start forecasts. Until now, it was assumed that efficiency requirements ... -
Rainfall Estimation in the Sahel: What Is the Ground Truth?
(American Meteorological Society, 1999)Areal rainfall estimation from ground sensors is essential as a direct input to various hydrometeorological models or as a validation of remote sensing estimates. More critical than the estimation itself is the assessment ... -
Comments on “Wind and Temperature Profiles in the Radix Layer: The Bottom Fifth of the Convective Boundary Layer”
(American Meteorological Society, 1999)No abstract available. -
Helicopter Observations of the Sea Breeze over a Coastal Area
(American Meteorological Society, 1999)Thermodynamical observations by a helicopter have been conducted to study the internal structure of the sea breeze blowing inland from Tosa Bay during three periods (September 1993, November 1994 and 1995). Inland-intrusion ...