Journal of Applied Meteorology: Recent submissions
Now showing items 4141-4160 of 6019
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Remote Sensing of Surface and Cloud Properties in the Arctic from AVHRR Measurements
(American Meteorological Society, 1999)Algorithms to retrieve cloud optical depth and effective radius in the Arctic using Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) data are developed, using a comprehensive radiative transfer model in which the atmosphere ... -
Results of Year-Round Remotely Sensed Integrated Water Vapor by Ground-Based Microwave Radiometry
(American Meteorological Society, 1999)Based on two years of measurements with a time resolution of 1 min, some climatological findings on precipitable water vapor (PWV) and cloud liquid water (CLW) in central Europe are given. A weak diurnal cycle is apparent. ... -
A Comparison of Precipitable Water Vapor Estimates by an NWP Simulation and GPS Observations
(American Meteorological Society, 1999)Simulated time series of the total precipitable water (PW) vapor from a limited area numerical weather prediction model are compared to estimates derived from observations done with ground-based Global Positioning System ... -
Lightning Ground Flash Density and Thunderstorm Duration in the Continental United States: 1989–96
(American Meteorological Society, 1999)The mean annual flash density, thunderstorm duration, and flash rates were calculated using 121.7 million cloud-to-ground lightning flashes in the continental United States for the period 1989?96. Florida had flash densities ... -
Uncertainties in Isoprene Emissions from a Mixed Deciduous Forest Estimated Using a Canopy Microclimate Model
(American Meteorological Society, 1999)Utilizing the concepts of localized near-field diffusion, a modeling system was developed to estimate isoprene emissions from foliage of a mixed deciduous forest. The model determined radiation disposition and foliage ... -
Heat Storage in Urban Areas: Local-Scale Observations and Evaluation of a Simple Model
(American Meteorological Society, 1999)The flux density of sensible heat to or from storage in the physical mass of the city is determined for seven cities (Chicago, Illinois; Los Angeles, California; Mexico City, Distrito Federal; Miami, Florida; Sacramento, ... -
Measurement of Isoprene Emissions over a Black Spruce Stand Using a Tower-Based Relaxed Eddy-Accumulation System
(American Meteorological Society, 1999)Daytime isoprene emissions were measured over a black spruce forest in Saskatchewan (Canada) during the Boreal Ecosystem Atmosphere Study of 1994. The relaxed eddy-accumulation (REA) technique was used to measure isoprene ... -
Scaling Isoprene Fluxes from Leaves to Canopies: Test Cases over a Boreal Aspen and a Mixed Species Temperate Forest
(American Meteorological Society, 1999)The rate at which isoprene is emitted by a forest depends on an array of environmental variables, the forest?s biomass, and its species composition. At present it is unclear whether errors in canopy-scale and process-level ... -
Source Footprint Considerations in the Determination of Volatile Organic Compound Fluxes from Forest Canopies
(American Meteorological Society, 1999)Above-canopy sampling of trace gases to determine volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions should be interpreted in terms of footprint considerations. This can be accomplished by defining the upwind canopy areas effectively ... -
Estimation of Volatile Organic Compound Fluxes Using the Forest–Land–Atmosphere Model (FLAME)
(American Meteorological Society, 1999)The prognostic one-dimensional Forest?Land?Atmosphere Model (FLAME) has been further extended to simulate diurnal cycles of volatile organic compound (VOC) fluxes inside and above an idealized mixed forest mainly composed ... -
Seasonal Variations in Isoprene Emissions from a Boreal Aspen Forest
(American Meteorological Society, 1999)The primary objective of this study was to understand the environmental and seasonal controls over isoprene emissions from a boreal forest ecosystem whose isoprene source came from trees of the same species and age. A ... -
Degree-Day Formulations and Application in Turkey
(American Meteorological Society, 1999)Degree-days are fundamental design parameters in many application fields such as power generation and consumption, agriculture, architecture, snow melt estimation, environmental energy planning, population siting, and ... -
A Simple Formula for Estimation of the Roughness Length for Heat Transfer over Partly Vegetated Surfaces
(American Meteorological Society, 1999)A simple formula for computation of the effective roughness length z0Heff for heat transfer or rather for the parameter kB?1eff [=ln(z0Meff/z0Heff) with z0Meff = roughness length for momentum], which are needed in single-source ... -
The Temporal Behavior of the Atmospheric Boundary Layer in Israel
(American Meteorological Society, 1999)Upper-air measurements collected for three consecutive years (1987?89) from the Israel Meteorological Service permanent sounding site, in Beit-Dagan, Israel, enabled the temporal behavior of the atmospheric boundary layer ... -
Satellite-Based Adjustments for the Urban Heat Island Temperature Bias
(American Meteorological Society, 1999)Monthly and seasonal relationships between urban?rural differences in minimum, maximum, and average temperatures measured at surface-based observation stations were compared to satellite-derived Advanced Very High Resolution ... -
Editorial
(American Meteorological Society, 1999) -
Polarimetric Radar Measurements of Tropical Rain at a 5-cm Wavelength
(American Meteorological Society, 1999)A 5-cm wavelength (C band) polarimetric radar was deployed during the MCTEX (Maritime Continent Thunderstorm Experiment) field program. This paper investigates the use of the C-band data for quantitative rainfall measurements ... -
Prospects for Measuring Rainfall Using Propagation Differential Phase in X- and Ka-Radar Bands
(American Meteorological Society, 1999)Model calculations and measurements of the specific propagation and backscatter differential phase shifts (KDP and δo, respectively) in rain are discussed for X- (? ? 3 cm) and Ka-band (? ? 0.8 cm) radar wavelengths. The ... -
The Feasibility of Data Whitening to Improve Performance of Weather Radar
(American Meteorological Society, 1999)The problem of efficient processing of correlated weather radar echoes off precipitation is considered. An approach based on signal whitening was recently proposed that has the potential to significantly improve power ... -
Cloud Detection from the Spaceborne POLDER Instrument and Validation against Surface Synoptic Observations
(American Meteorological Society, 1999)This paper describes the cloud screening algorithms that have been developed for the processing of Polarization and Directionality of the Earth Reflectances (POLDER) measurements over land surfaces. Four tests are applied ...