Journal of Applied Meteorology: Recent submissions
Now showing items 3581-3600 of 6019
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The TRMM Precipitation Radar's View of Shallow, Isolated Rain
(American Meteorological Society, 2003)The Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) 2A23 convective?stratiform separation algorithm applied to the TRMM satellite's precipitation radar identifies shallow, isolated precipitation over much of the tropical oceans. ... -
Interaction between an Inland Urban Heat Island and a Sea-Breeze Flow: A Laboratory Study
(American Meteorological Society, 2003)Using laboratory experimental data taken from a temperature-controlled water tank, the basic features of the circulation associated with an inland urban heat island (UHI) of diameter D and surface heating rate H0 and its ... -
Ice Cloud Optical Thickness and Extinction Estimates from Radar Measurements
(American Meteorological Society, 2003)A remote sensing method is proposed to derive vertical profiles of the visible extinction coefficients in ice clouds from measurements of the radar reflectivity and Doppler velocity taken by a vertically pointing 35-GHz ... -
Return-Stroke Multiplicity of Negative Cloud-to-Ground Lightning Flashes
(American Meteorological Society, 2003)The percentage of negative lightning flashes composed of a single stroke is examined. This percentage is estimated from data reported by the U.S. National Lightning Detection Network (NLDN) for Florida and New Mexico and ... -
Parametric Rainfall Retrieval Algorithms for Passive Microwave Radiometers
(American Meteorological Society, 2003)A methodology is described to construct fully parametric rainfall retrieval algorithms for a variety of passive microwave sensors that exist today and are planned for the future. The Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission ... -
Airflow and Precipitation Fields within Deep Alpine Valleys Observed by Airborne Doppler Radar
(American Meteorological Society, 2003)Although airborne Doppler radar is increasingly relied upon to provide detailed descriptions of mesoscale precipitation systems in remote and complex meteorological settings, the utility of these observations has often ... -
Clear-Sky Window Channel Radiances: A Comparison between Observations and the ECMWF Model
(American Meteorological Society, 2003)A comparison of clear-sky radiances of the Meteosat window channel with the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) model results is presented, aiming to assess both the model's performance and the quality ... -
Ice Water Path–Optical Depth Relationships for Cirrus and Deep Stratiform Ice Cloud Layers
(American Meteorological Society, 2003)Particle size distribution (PSD) and particle shape information collected during Lagrangian spiral descents and balloon ascents through 13 midlatitude and 6 tropical ice clouds are analyzed to investigate the relationship ... -
Atmospheric Ice Crystals over the Antarctic Plateau in Winter
(American Meteorological Society, 2003)Falling ice crystals were collected daily on a gridded glass slide at South Pole Station, Antarctica, during the Antarctic winter of 1992 and were photographed through a microscope. Nine types of ice crystals are identified, ... -
One-Dimensional Variational Retrievals from SSMIS-Simulated Observations
(American Meteorological Society, 2003)Retrievals using synthetic background fields and observations for the Special Sensor Microwave Imager Sounder (SSMIS) instrument are performed using a one-dimensional variational data assimilation (1DVAR) scheme for clear ... -
Cloud Coverage Based on All-Sky Imaging and Its Impact on Surface Solar Irradiance
(American Meteorological Society, 2003)In Lauder, Central Otago, New Zealand, two all-sky imaging systems have been in operation for more than 1 yr, measuring the total, opaque, and thin cloud fraction, as well as indicating whether the sun is obscured by clouds. ... -
A Three-Dimensional Variational Approach for Deriving the Thermodynamic Structure Using Doppler Wind Observations—An Application to a Subtropical Squall Line
(American Meteorological Society, 2003)A newly designed retrieval scheme based on three-dimensional variational analysis is used to extract the thermodynamic field of a weather system from Doppler wind measurements. As compared with the traditional retrieval ... -
The REDTI and MSI: Two New National Climate Impact Indices
(American Meteorological Society, 2003)Two climate indices that are useful for monitoring the impact of weather and climate on energy usage and crop yields in the United States have been developed at the National Climatic Data Center. The residential energy-demand ... -
Validation of TRMM and Other Rainfall Estimates with a High-Density Gauge Dataset for West Africa. Part I: Validation of GPCC Rainfall Product and Pre-TRMM Satellite and Blended Products
(American Meteorological Society, 2003)Gauge data over North Africa are used to provide an assessment of satellite and blended rainfall products for 1988?94 and for 1998. A comparison is also made with the Global Precipitation Climatology Center (GPCC) gauge ... -
Validation of TRMM and Other Rainfall Estimates with a High-Density Gauge Dataset for West Africa. Part II: Validation of TRMM Rainfall Products
(American Meteorological Society, 2003)Gauge data from a West African network of 920 stations are used to assess Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite and blended rainfall products for 1998. In this study, mean fields, scattergrams, and latitudinal ... -
Toward a Robust Phenomenological Expression of Evaporation Efficiency for Unsaturated Soil Surfaces
(American Meteorological Society, 2003)The evaporation rates of water from several soil types were measured under controlled conditions. When the layer of soil is sufficiently thin, the evaporation efficiency ?, the ratio of the evaporation rate from the soil ... -
Probability Distributions for the Inner Scale and the Refractive Index Structure Parameter and Their Implications for Flux Averaging
(American Meteorological Society, 2003)Defining the averaging time required for measuring meaningful turbulence statistics is a central problem in boundary layer meteorology. Path-averaging scintillation instruments are presumed to confer some time-averaging ... -
Radiative and Microphysical Characteristics of Deep Convective Systems in the Tropical Western Pacific
(American Meteorological Society, 2003)The radiative and microphysical characteristics of 17 precipitating systems observed by the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite over Manus, Papua New Guinea, and Nauru Island are modeled. These cases ... -
Patterns and Causes of Atlanta's Urban Heat Island–Initiated Precipitation
(American Meteorological Society, 2003)Because of rapid growth and urbanization of Atlanta, Georgia, over the past few decades, the city has developed a pronounced urban heat island (UHI) that has been shown to enhance and possibly to initiate thunderstorms. ... -
Temporal and Spatial Variations of Freezing Rain in the Contiguous United States: 1948–2000
(American Meteorological Society, 2003)A new freezing-rain-days database was used to define the spatial and temporal distributions of freezing-rain days across the contiguous United States. The database contained 988 stations, spanning the period 1948?2000. ...