Journal of Applied Meteorology: Recent submissions
Now showing items 1041-1060 of 6019
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The Precision and Accuracy of Volz Sunphotometry. II. Causes of Systematic Error
(American Meteorological Society, 1975)In a previous paper, we presented evidence for a large apparent day-to-day variation of the outside-atmosphere deflections of two Volz sunphotometers and discussed the consequences for Volz sunphotometry should such variation ... -
Recent Secular Variations in Mid-Atlantic Winter Extratropical Storm Climate
(American Meteorological Society, 1975)An increase in storm damage along the east coast of the United States coincides with secular variations of the general circulation documented by several recent investigations. To determine the coupling between large-scale ... -
Forecasting Extratropical Storms with Hurricane Intensity Using Satellite Information
(American Meteorological Society, 1975)One of the most important forecasting problems over the eastern Atlantic Ocean is the prediction of rapid cyclogenesis culminating in storms of full hurricane intensity. Such events happen about 3?5 times per cold season. ... -
Atmospheric Response to Variations in Sea-Surface Temperature
(American Meteorological Society, 1975)A two-week prediction experiment was performed with the GISS atmospheric model on a global data set beginning 20 December 1972 to test the sensitivity of the model to sea-surface temperature (SST) variations. Use of observed ... -
Precision and Accuracy of Sunphotometry—A Response
(American Meteorological Society, 1975)Reassessment of sun photometer data generally gives no indication of detector sensitivity changes but attention should be given to turbidity variations and sufficient airmass range. -
Numerical Experiments on the Computation of Ground Surface Temperature in an Atmospheric General Circulation Model
(American Meteorological Society, 1975)The Rand two-level general circulation model has been integrated to compute ground surface (bare land) temperature by solving: 1) the interface heat balance equation without soil heat flux; 2) the interface heat balance ... -
EOLE Balloon and ATS Cloud Motion Comparisons
(American Meteorological Society, 1975)Comparisons are made between winds obtained from EOLE balloons and winds determined from cloud motions as observed from the Applications Technology Satellites, ATS-1 and ATS-3. The results show that the mean winds determined ... -
Radar Reflectivity Factor Calculations in Numerical Cloud Models Using Bulk Parameterization of Precipitation
(American Meteorological Society, 1975)This paper describes and compares various methods for calculating radar reflectivity factors in numerical cloud models that use bulk methods to characterize the precipitation processes. Equations sensitive to changes in ... -
Silver Iodide Aerosol Production by a Plated Hot-Wire Generator
(American Meteorological Society, 1975)There are requirements for a laboratory source of pure silver iodide aerosol with long-term output stability. Aerosol generation by a power-coated hot wire is unsatisfactory. A method of filament preparation providing a ... -
A Photoelectric Coronameter for Atmospheric Turbidity Studies
(American Meteorological Society, 1975)Atmospheric aerosols scatter light predominantly in the near-forward direction to cause a brightening near the sun (the solar aureole). Measurements of the brightness gradient and absolute radiance in the solar aureole can ... -
Stellar Refraction: A Tool to Monitor the Height of the Tropopause from Space
(American Meteorological Society, 1975)Calculations of stellar refraction for a setting or rising star as viewed from a spacecraft show that the tropopause is a discernable feature in a plot of refraction vs time. The height of the tropopause is easily obtained ... -
Degree of Interdependence among Atmospheric Optical Thicknesses in Spectral Bands between 0.36–2.4 μm
(American Meteorological Society, 1975)The degree of dependence among the atmospheric optical thicknesses that are measured in nonselective absorption bands is studied. The observations were made previously in many spectral bands within the range 0.36?2.4 ?m ... -
Formation of Cloud and Ice Nuclei by the Combustion of Crude Oil
(American Meteorological Society, 1975)Aitken nuclei and ice nuclei concentrations in the smoke plume from an oil well fire near Glenrock, Wyo., on 14 December 1973, were found to be elevated by at least an order of magnitude as compared with the surrounding ... -
A Comparison of Canadian and United States Standard Methods of Measuring Precipitation
(American Meteorological Society, 1975)Methods of measuring precipitation vary from country to country. Consequently, the comparability of precipitation data along international borders is questionable. The present paper compares 5 years of precipitation data ... -
Estimation of the Disruptive Impact of Snowfalls in Urban Areas
(American Meteorological Society, 1975)The aims of this study are the identification and evaluation of the physical characteristics of snowfall and accompanying weather conditions contributing to a description of the disruptive capacity of snowfalls in urban ... -
A Quasi-Lagrangian Cell Method for Calculating Long-Distance Transport of Airborne Pollutants
(American Meteorological Society, 1975)The method of calculating long-distance transport of airborne pollutants presented in this article is based on the idea of following the air flowing into the emission area. The in-flowing air is divided into cells, which ... -
An Aneroid Pressure Sensor for Constant-Level Balloons
(American Meteorological Society, 1975)The pressure sensor for the Tropical Wind Energy conversion and Reference Level Experiment (TWERLE) is described. Key design features of the sensor are: capacitive coupling, reference at midrange, up-down counting, passive ... -
Observations of the Marine Atmosphere Using a Ship-Mounted Acoustic Echo Sounder
(American Meteorological Society, 1975)A monostatic acoustic echo sounder with a vertically-pointed antenna was installed aboard the NOAA research vessel Oceanographer and was tested during a recent cruise in the Pacific and Caribbean Oceans. Acoustic returns ... -
A Universal Procedure for Deploying Constant-Volume Balloons and for Deriving Vertical Air Speeds from Them
(American Meteorological Society, 1975)A graphical method for flying any type constant-volume balloon at specified heights up to 500 m above mean terrain is described. The flight parameters, surface free-lift, and surface superpressure are determined from graphs ... -
The Ice Nucleating Properties of an Ultrafine Aerosol of Pure Silver Iodide
(American Meteorological Society, 1975)A silver iodide aerosol was prepared under clean conditions. The method was to react iodine vapor with a silver aerosol in an inert dry atmosphere and in darkness. Great care was taken to avoid contamination from atmosphere ...