Journal of Climate and Applied Meteorology: Recent submissions
Now showing items 141-160 of 865
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A Simple Estimator of the Shape Factor of the Two-Parameter Weibull Distribution
(American Meteorological Society, 1987)A method is given to estimate the shape factor (K) of the Weibull distribution directly from wind observations, without iteration, plotting, or sorting of data. The estimate is of comparable accuracy as that given by the ... -
Importance of Including Time in the Specification of Ice Nucleus Concentrations
(American Meteorological Society, 1987)No abstract available. -
A Model for Decision Making Based on NWS Monthly Temperature Outlooks
(American Meteorological Society, 1987)A Gaussian model for evaluating the probability of occurrence of forecast-contingent monthly average temperature and degree day outcomes is developed by use of forecast-verification data, and proposed for use in decision ... -
Numerical Modeling of Hailstorms and Hailstone Growth. Part II: The Role of Low-Density Riming Growth in Hag Production
(American Meteorological Society, 1987)The past several years have seen a renewed interest in the importance of low-density riming growth to the development of hailstones. This paper reports on the results of a study that incorporates the physical factors ... -
Volcanic Effects on Turbidity and Irradiances and Their Dependence on Surface Wind Direction
(American Meteorological Society, 1987)Solar irradiances, atmospheric turbidity and meteorological variables measured at the University of Michigan are analyzed to determine effects of the 30 m wind direction on irradiance and turbidity changes caused by the ... -
Regional and Seasonal Variations of Surface Reflectance from Satellite Observations at 0.6 μm
(American Meteorological Society, 1987)A global series of seasonal visible surface reflectance maps derived from NOAA-5 Scanning Radiometer observations is presented. Methods for isolating clear-sky observations from satellite data are evaluated and the magnitude ... -
Supercooled Liquid Water Structure of a Shallow Orographic Cloud System in Southern Utah
(American Meteorological Society, 1987)A case study of an orographic cloud system that developed over the mountains or southern Utah is presented. The storm system contained supercooled liquid water over several hours, and produced almost no precipitation. ... -
Comparison of Actual Dividing-Streamline Heights to Height Predictions using the Froude Number
(American Meteorological Society, 1987)No abstract available. -
A Method for Remote Sensing the Emissivity, Fractional Cloud Cover and Cloud Top Temperature of High-Level, Thin Clouds
(American Meteorological Society, 1987)A methodology for retrieving the emissivity, cloud cover and cloud top temperature of high-level, thin clouds is developed and described. In the thermal infrared windows, the outgoing radiances from the earth's atmosphere ... -
Examples of Additionally Constrained Multiple Linear Regression
(American Meteorological Society, 1987)An additionally constrained multiple linear regression technique is outlined for use with the prediction or specification of fields of geophysical variables. The additional constraints are the requirement that the predictions ... -
The Area-Time-Integral Technique to Estimate Convective Rain Volumes over Areas Applied to Satellite Data—A Preliminary Investigation
(American Meteorological Society, 1987)Early work attempting to apply GOES rapid scan satellite data to a recently developed simple radar technique used to estimate convective rain volumes over areas in a semiarid environment (the northern Great Plains) is ... -
Freeze-Thaw Days in the Northeastern United States
(American Meteorological Society, 1987)A freeze-thaw day is defined as a weather observation day with a maximum temperature of 0°C or above and a minimum temperature of ?2.2°C or below recorded in an instrument shelter 1.5 m above the ground. The 30 winter ... -
Predictability of Java Monsoon Rainfall Anomalies: A Case Study
(American Meteorological Society, 1987)A substantial portion of the interannual variability of rainfall at Jakarta, Java, can be predicted from antecedent pressure anomalies at Darwin, northern Australia; the pressure persistence, the concurrent correlation of ... -
Reflectivity-Rain Rate Relationships for Radar Hydrology in Brazil
(American Meteorological Society, 1987)In this work a method is presented to obtain R-Z? relationships through comparison, in probability, of nonsimultaneous measurements of Z? and R. Range dependent relationships obtained in this way are given for a radar ... -
Satellite Estimation of Solar Irradiance at the Surface of the Earth and of Surface Albedo Using a Physical Model Applied to Metcosat Data
(American Meteorological Society, 1987)A physically based model is used to derive downward solar irradiance at the surface of the earth and surface albedo from Meteosat satellite measurements in the wavelength range between 0.40 and 1. 1 0 ?m. The model takes ... -
Comparison of Northern Hemisphere Snow Cover Data Sets
(American Meteorological Society, 1987)Four Northern Hemisphere snow cover data sets are compared on a weekly basis for the 25-month period, July 1981 through July 1983. The data sets are the NOAA/NESDIS Weekly Snow and Ice Chart, the Composite Minimum Brightness ... -
Oklahoma Downbursts and Their Asymmetry
(American Meteorological Society, 1987)Doppler radar data collected each spring in 1979?1984 with the two Doppler radars operated by the National Severe Storms Laboratory (NSSL) are used to investigate the asymmetry of low-altitude divergent outflows of convective ... -
Soil Moisture Estimation Using GOES-VISSR Infrared Data: A Case Study with a Simple Statistical Method
(American Meteorological Society, 1987)Five days of clear sky observations over Kansas and Nebraska are used to examine the statistical relationship between soil moisture and infrared surface temperature observations taken from a geosynchronous satellite. The ... -
Low Altitude Wind Shear Detection with Doppler Radar
(American Meteorological Society, 1987)The feasibility of using the next generation weather radar (NEXRAD) system to detect low-altitude wind shear near airports is investigated. We compare surface-measured horizontal shear with that observed aloft with Doppler ... -
A Statistical Exmination of Sky Cover Changes in the Contiguous United States
(American Meteorological Society, 1987)The Sette Weather Chart constructed in 1939 with data from 1900 to 1936 was used to describe the climatology of cloudless days and to predict cloudless days in the United States for 14 regions. When the data for days having ...