Journal of Climate and Applied Meteorology: Recent submissions
Now showing items 121-140 of 865
-
Variability in United States Cloudiness and its Relation to El Niñ
(American Meteorological Society, 1987)Based on linear regression, during 1950?85 the year-average, United States cloudiness (defined here as an average of cloud amount and sunshine duration) increased by a significant 0.8% per decade, with the increase greatest ... -
Budgets of Water Vapor in the Unstable Boundary Layer over Rugged Terrain
(American Meteorological Society, 1987)Inversion fluxes of water vapor are calculated for 11 clear days using profile data from a sequence of radio soundings over hilly terrain in the Pre-Alpine region of Switzerland. The relationships between the mixed layer ... -
Statistical Considerations for Climate Experiments. Part I: Scalar Tests
(American Meteorological Society, 1987)Statistical tests used in model intercomparisons or model/climate comparisons may be either ?scalar? or ?multivariate? tests. The former are employed when testing a hypothesis about a single variable observed at a single ... -
The Use of the Weibull Distribution for Thunderstorm Parameters
(American Meteorological Society, 1987)Most observations in thunderstorm statistics are positive, having values between 0 and ∞. Since they are of a ?duration-length? type. the normal distribution is not, in most cases, a satisfactory approximation. A widely ... -
Characteristics of Cloud Ice and Precipitation during Wintertime Storms over the Mountains of Northern Colorado
(American Meteorological Society, 1987)This article describe cloud ice and precipitation process in 17 wintertime storm systems that occurred over the mountains of northwestern Colorado. Surface, remote sensing and aircraft measurements are used to study cloud ... -
Statistical Considerations for Climate Experiments. Part II: Multivariate Tests
(American Meteorological Society, 1987)Several multivariate tests for differences of the mean which are based upon resampling schemes are examined in a series of Monte Carlo experiments. We examine the power of these tests under two sets of experimental situations: ... -
Improvements in the Shortwave Cloud-free Radiation Budget Accuracy. Part II: Experimental Study Including Mixed Surface Albedos
(American Meteorological Society, 1987)A method is presented to obtain area mean radiant flux densities at the surface in the solar spectral range in cloud-free conditions. This is accomplished by fitting a realistic radiation model with actual atmospheric data ... -
An Attempt to Normalize the Hailstorm Variability for the Evaluation of Cloud Seeding
(American Meteorological Society, 1987)Procedures have been developed from relationships between parameters of hailstone size distributions and storm thermodynamics to normalize the effects of storm thermodynamics of integral hail parameters observed at the ... -
Tracer Verification of Trajectory Models
(American Meteorological Society, 1987)Perfluorocarbon tracer data collected during the Cross Appalachian Tracer Experiment (CAPTEX '83) are used to determine the accuracy of three trajectory models: an isentropic, an isobaric, and a dimensional sigma model. ... -
Climatology of Chicago Area Urban-Rural Differences in Humidity
(American Meteorological Society, 1987)Hourly measurements at an urban airport and at a rural laboratory have been used in a study of Chicago area urban-rural humidity differences. Although the relative humidity was usually lower in the city than in the country, ... -
The Arrival Rate of Raindrops at the Ground
(American Meteorological Society, 1987)Examination of the arrival-rate distribution of raindrops from disturbed, post-cold-front air masses using the statistic k, the ratio of the variance of the drop rate to the mean, shows strong deviations from Poisson ... -
Improvements in the Shortwave Cloud-free Radiation Budget Accuracy. Part I: Numerical Study Including Surface Anisotropy
(American Meteorological Society, 1987)The shortwave radiation field, i.e., in the solar spectral range, emerging at the top of the atmosphere is anisotropic due to the optical properties of the atmosphere and the reflectance characteristics of the underlying ... -
The Application of Time Series Models to Cloud Field Morphology Analysis
(American Meteorological Society, 1987)A modeling method for the quantitative description of remotely sensed cloud field images is presented. A two-dimensional texture modeling scheme based on one-dimensional time series procedures is adopted for this purpose. ... -
Sensitivity of the Biosphere–Atmosphere Transfer Scheme (BATS) to the Inclusion of Variable Soil Characteristics
(American Meteorological Society, 1987)The soils data of Wilson and Henderson-Sellers have been incorporated into the land-surface parameterization scheme of the NCAR Community Climate Model after Dickinson. A stand-alone version of this land-surface scheme, ... -
Probability Distributions of Monthly Degree Day Variables at U.S. Stations. Part I: Estimating the Mean Value and Variance from Temperature Data
(American Meteorological Society, 1987)This paper examines the question of how strongly the skewness of the daily temperature variable (t) affects estimating the mean value and variance of the corresponding degree day variable (q) at U.S. stations where the ... -
Comments on “Importance of Including Time in the Specification of Ice Nucleus Concentrations”
(American Meteorological Society, 1987)No abstract available. -
Sensitivity Studies on the Continentality of a Numerically Simulated Cumulonimbus
(American Meteorological Society, 1987)The cloud model of Tripoli and Cotton was used to simulate a cumulonimbus cloud observed during the Cooperative Convective Precipitation Experiment (CCOPE). We tested the sensitivity of the precipitation pathways in the ... -
Variation of Tropospheric Temperatures over India dining 1944–85
(American Meteorological Society, 1987)Variation of air temperature at the surface and at four levels in the troposphere, viz., 850, 700, 500 and 200 mb, over India have been studied using the data at ten radiosonde stations for 31 to 42 years during 1944?85. ... -
Cloud Cover Analysis from Satellite Imagery Using Spatial and Temporal Characteristics of the Data
(American Meteorological Society, 1987)New developments of a cloud classification scheme based on histogram clustering by a statistical method are presented. Use of time series of geostationary satellite pictures as well as for construction of composite images ... -
Case Study of an Unusual Long-Range Sulfur Transport Episode
(American Meteorological Society, 1987)Observations of extremely high fine particulate sulfur concentrations during early April 1983 in the western United States are linked to a strong cyclone over the midwestern United States. The strong winds around this ...