Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology: Recent submissions
Now showing items 2481-2500 of 2722
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Diagnosing the Intercept Parameter for Exponential Raindrop Size Distribution Based on Video Disdrometer Observations: Model Development
(American Meteorological Society, 2008)The exponential distribution N(D) = N0 exp(??D) with a fixed intercept parameter N0 is most commonly used to represent raindrop size distribution (DSD) in rainfall estimation and in single-moment bulk microphysics ... -
On the Relationship between North Atlantic Sea Surface Temperatures and U.S. Hurricane Landfall Risk
(American Meteorological Society, 2009)In the recent literature, considerable attention has been paid to the relationship between climate signals and tropical cyclone activity. Much of the research has focused on Atlantic Ocean basin activity while less attention ... -
Comparisons of Instantaneous TRMM Ground Validation and Satellite Rain-Rate Estimates at Different Spatial Scales
(American Meteorological Society, 2008)This study provides a comprehensive intercomparison of instantaneous rain rates observed by the two rain sensors aboard the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite with ground data from two regional sites ... -
Plume Dispersion Anomalies in a Nocturnal Urban Boundary Layer in Complex Terrain
(American Meteorological Society, 2008)The URBAN 2000 experiments were conducted in the complex urban and topographical terrain in Salt Lake City, Utah, in stable nighttime conditions. Unexpected plume dispersion often arose because of the interaction of complex ... -
Twenty Years of Polar Winds from AVHRR: Validation and Comparison with ERA-40
(American Meteorological Society, 2009)Recent studies have shown that the Arctic climate has changed markedly over the past 20 years. Two major reanalysis products that can be used for studying recent changes unfortunately exhibit relatively large errors in the ... -
An Evaluation of Two NEXRAD Wind Retrieval Methodologies and Their Use in Atmospheric Dispersion Models
(American Meteorological Society, 2008)Two entirely different methods for retrieving 3D fields of horizontal winds from Next Generation Weather Radar (NEXRAD) radial velocities have been evaluated using radar wind profiler measurements to determine whether ... -
The Effect of Clustering on the Uncertainty of Differential Reflectivity Measurements
(American Meteorological Society, 2008)One of the most important avenues of recent meteorological radar research is the application of polarization techniques to improve radar rainfall estimation. A keystone in many of these methods is the so-called differential ... -
An Upper Threshold of Enhanced Global Shortwave Irradiance in the Troposphere Derived from Field Measurements in Tropical Mountains
(American Meteorological Society, 2008)Extraordinarily high values of global irradiance (up to 1832 W m?2) incident upon a horizontal surface were observed during a 4-yr meteorological field campaign in the southern Ecuadorian Andes Mountains (4°S). The unexpected ... -
Evaluation of Turbulence Closure Models for Large-Eddy Simulation over Complex Terrain: Flow over Askervein Hill
(American Meteorological Society, 2009)The evaluation of turbulence closure models for large-eddy simulation (LES) has primarily been performed over flat terrain, where comparisons with theory and observations are simplified. The authors have previously developed ... -
The GOES-R Advanced Baseline Imager and the Continuation of Current Sounder Products
(American Meteorological Society, 2008)The first of the next-generation series of Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites (GOES-R) is scheduled for launch in the 2015 time frame. One of the primary instruments on GOES-R, the Advanced Baseline Imager ... -
A Hurricane Boundary Layer and Wind Field Model for Use in Engineering Applications
(American Meteorological Society, 2009)This article examines the radial dependence of the height of the maximum wind speed in a hurricane, which is found to lower with increasing inertial stability (which in turn depends on increasing wind speed and decreasing ... -
On the Proper Order of Markov Chain Model for Daily Precipitation Occurrence in the Contiguous United States
(American Meteorological Society, 2008)Markov chains are widely used tools for modeling daily precipitation occurrence. Given the assumption that the Markov chain model is the right model for daily precipitation occurrence, the choice of Markov model order was ... -
Dependence of Land Surface Albedo on Solar Zenith Angle: Observations and Model Parameterization
(American Meteorological Society, 2008)This study examines the dependence of surface albedo on solar zenith angle (SZA) over snow-free land surfaces using the intensive observations of surface shortwave fluxes made by the U.S. Department of Energy Atmospheric ... -
A Fast Three-Dimensional Approximation for the Calculation of Surface Irradiance in Large-Eddy Simulation Models
(American Meteorological Society, 2008)Cloud-resolving models?in particular, large-eddy simulation (LES) models?are important tools to improve the understanding of cloud?radiation interactions. A method is presented for accurate, yet fast, three-dimensional ... -
External Influences on Nocturnal Thermally Driven Flows in a Deep Valley
(American Meteorological Society, 2009)The dynamics that govern the evolution of nighttime flows in a deep valley, California?s Owens Valley, are analyzed. Measurements from the Terrain-Induced Rotor Experiment (T-REX) reveal a pronounced valley-wind system ... -
How Well Do Regional Climate Models Reproduce Radiation and Clouds in the Arctic? An Evaluation of ARCMIP Simulations
(American Meteorological Society, 2008)Downwelling radiation in six regional models from the Arctic Regional Climate Model Intercomparison (ARCMIP) project is systematically biased negative in comparison with observations from the Surface Heat Budget of the ... -
Mount Kenya Global Atmosphere Watch Station (MKN): Installation and Meteorological Characterization
(American Meteorological Society, 2008)The meteorological conditions at the Mount Kenya (station identifier MKN) tropical Global Atmosphere Watch Programme station are described. Like other stations in mountainous terrain, the site experiences thermally induced ... -
Extreme Rainfall Events in the Hawaiian Islands
(American Meteorological Society, 2009)Heavy rainfall and the associated floods occur frequently in the Hawaiian Islands and have caused huge economic losses as well as social problems. Extreme rainfall events in this study are defined by three different methods ... -
Development of the Flux-Adjusting Surface Data Assimilation System for Mesoscale Models
(American Meteorological Society, 2008)The flux-adjusting surface data assimilation system (FASDAS) is developed to provide continuous adjustments for initial soil moisture and temperature and for surface air temperature and water vapor mixing ratio for mesoscale ... -
On the Use of Cool Materials as a Heat Island Mitigation Strategy
(American Meteorological Society, 2008)The mitigation of the heat island effect can be achieved by the use of cool materials that are characterized by high solar reflectance and infrared emittance values. Several types of cool materials have been tested and ...