Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology: Recent submissions
Now showing items 3001-3020 of 5084
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VHF Radar Measurements of In-Beam Incidence Angles and Associated Vertical-Beam Radial Velocity Corrections
(American Meteorological Society, 1991)Atmospheric backscatter or partial reflections observed with VHF radars are strongly enhanced for angles within a few degrees of the vertical, although the strongest echoes are not necessarily exactly from the vertical ... -
Mean K-R Relationships: Practical Results for Typical Weather Radar Wavelengths
(American Meteorological Society, 1991)Total attenuation cross sections of raindrops derived from the Mie theory for wavelengths of 3.2, 5.6, and 10 cm and temperatures of ?10°, 0°, 10°, and 20°C have been calculated and compared to the results of the Rayleigh ... -
An Improved Version of the Extended Velocity-Azimuth Display Analysis of Single-Doppler Radar Data
(American Meteorological Society, 1991)Extended velocity-azimuth display (EVAD) analysis is useful for obtaining vertical profiles of horizontal divergence, vertical air velocity, vertical hydrometer velocity, and hydrometeor terminal fall speed in widespread ... -
Reduced Loss in Precipitation Measurements Using a New Wind Shield for Raingages
(American Meteorological Society, 1991)A problem of great concern in precipitation measurements is the wind loss. This paper presents a new wind shield that reduces this loss. Tests of the new shield were made in a wind tunnel and in the field. The wind shield ... -
A New Relationship between Mean Doppler Velocity and Differential Reflectivity
(American Meteorological Society, 1991)A new relationship has been established linking the vertical mean Doppler velocity of raindrop spectra and the accompanying differential reflectivities. It is based upon the specific radar combination of a vertically ... -
The “BOUSSOLE” Buoy—A New Transparent-to-Swell Taut Mooring Dedicated to Marine Optics: Design, Tests, and Performance at Sea
(American Meteorological Society, 2008)A new concept of oceanographic data buoy is described, which couples a taut mooring and a ?transparent-to-swell? superstructure, and is specifically designed for the collection of radiometric quantities in offshore ... -
A Composite View of Surface Signatures and Interior Properties of Nonlinear Internal Waves: Observations and Applications
(American Meteorological Society, 2008)Surface signatures and interior properties of large-amplitude nonlinear internal waves (NLIWs) in the South China Sea (SCS) were measured during a period of weak northeast wind (?2 m s?1) using shipboard marine radar, an ... -
Representation Error of Oceanic Observations for Data Assimilation
(American Meteorological Society, 2008)A simple approach to the estimation of representation error (RE) of sea level (?), temperature (T), and salinity (S) observations for ocean data assimilation is described. It is assumed that the main source of RE is due ... -
Complex EOF Analysis as a Method to Separate Barotropic and Baroclinic Velocity Structure in Shallow Water
(American Meteorological Society, 2008)Defining the vertical depth average of measured currents to be barotropic is a widely used method of separating barotropic and baroclinic tidal currents in the ocean. Away from the surface and bottom boundary layers, ... -
Experiments with Cloud Properties: Impact on Surface Radiative Fluxes
(American Meteorological Society, 2008)Solar radiation reaching the earth?s surface provides the primary forcing of the climate system, and thus, information on this parameter is needed at a global scale. Several satellite-based estimates of surface radiative ... -
The Van de Casteele Test Revisited: An Efficient Approach to Tide Gauge Error Characterization
(American Meteorological Society, 2008)The classical question of metrology related to the quality of the tide gauge measurements has become more important this last decade or so as new technologies have emerged and tide gauge networks are modernized. The Global ... -
Three-Way Error Analysis between AATSR, AMSR-E, and In Situ Sea Surface Temperature Observations
(American Meteorological Society, 2008)Using collocations of three different observation types of sea surface temperatures (SSTs) gives enough information to enable the standard deviation of error on each observation type to be derived. SSTs derived from the ... -
A Study of Delays in Making Tide Gauge Data Available to Tsunami Warning Centers
(American Meteorological Society, 2008)This short note provides conclusions of a study of the various factors that determine the delay between tsunami arrival at a tide gauge station and data being made available at tsunami warning centers. The various delays ... -
Application of the Sequential Three-Dimensional Variational Method to Assimilating SST in a Global Ocean Model
(American Meteorological Society, 2008)A recursive filter or parameterized curve fitting technique is usually used in a three-dimensional variational data assimilation (3DVAR) scheme to approximate the background error covariance, which can only represent the ... -
Objective Array Design: Application to the Tropical Indian Ocean
(American Meteorological Society, 2008)A simple, versatile, computationally efficient ensemble-based method for objectively designing an observation array is described. The method seeks to compute the observation array that minimizes the analysis error variance, ... -
Evaluation of a UHF Radar Surface Current Mapping System in an Intertidal Salt Marsh
(American Meteorological Society, 2007)A UHF RiverSonde radar system was deployed in an intertidal salt marsh during November and December 2005 near Georgetown, South Carolina. The purpose of this experiment was to evaluate radar performance in a coastal plain ... -
A New Method for Measuring Flow Structure in the Benthic Boundary Layer Using an Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter
(American Meteorological Society, 2008)A new system for precise measurement of vertical profiles of mean and turbulent flow structure immediately above the sediment?water interface is introduced. This system has an acoustic Doppler velocimeter (ADV) attached ... -
Estimating Salinity between 25° and 45°S in the Atlantic Ocean Using Local Regression
(American Meteorological Society, 2008)The empirical relationship between salinity and temperature in the South Atlantic is quantified with the aid of local regression. To capture the spatial character of the TS relationship, models are fitted to data for each ... -
Optimization of an Observing System Design for the North Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation
(American Meteorological Society, 2008)Three methods are analyzed for the design of ocean observing systems to monitor the meridional overturning circulation (MOC) in the North Atlantic. Specifically, a continuous monitoring array to monitor the MOC at 1000 m ... -
Validation of the Global Relocatable Tide/Surge Model PCTides
(American Meteorological Society, 2008)The Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) has developed a global, relocatable, tide/surge forecast system called PCTides. This system was designed in response to a U.S. Navy requirement to rapidly produce tidal predictions ...