Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology: Recent submissions
Now showing items 2401-2420 of 5084
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Surface-Layer Fluxes Measured Using the CT2-Profile Method
(American Meteorological Society, 1992)The first experimental test of obtaining heat and momentum fluxes from measurements of the profile of the temperature structure parameter CT2 is performed. The parameter CT2 is obtained from resistance-wire thermometers ... -
The Effect of a C02 Laser Pulse Shape on the Accuracy of DIAL Measurements
(American Meteorological Society, 1992)The temporal pulse shape varies at different wavelengths, within the same wavelength, and between identical lasers. In differential absorption lidar (DIAL) measurements the variance introduced into the deduced average ... -
A Comparison of Techniques to Estimate Vertical Air Motions and Raindrop Size Distributions
(American Meteorological Society, 1984)Doppler velocity spectra collected at vertical incidence contain information on vertical air motions and drop-size distributions with high spatial and temporal resolution. In the past, the computational interdependence ... -
Calculation of Wyngaard Turbulence Distortion Coefficients and Turbulence Ratios; and Influence of Instrument-induced Wakes on Accuracy
(American Meteorological Society, 1992)Methods that use potential-flow calculations to correct turbulence measurements for instrument-induced flow distortions are discussed in general terms for two- and three-dimensional geometries. A simple calculation method ... -
Velocity and Eddy Kinetic Energy of the Gulf Stream System from 700-m SOFAR Floats Subsampled to Simulate Pop-up Floats
(American Meteorological Society, 1992)Velocity and eddy kinetic energy were calculated from SOFAR (sound fixing and ranging) float trajectories using original daily values and values subsampled at intervals of 15, 30, and 60 days to simulate pop-up floats that ... -
A Signal-processing Scheme for Passive Acoustical Mapping of Breaking Surface Waves
(American Meteorological Society, 1992)An acoustical system is described with emphasis on its signal-processing scheme. The system consists of a small broadband hydrophone array of span 8.5 m and 5-kHz bandwidth, which is able to track individual breaking surface ... -
The Fall Rate of the T-7 XBT
(American Meteorological Society, 1992)A theoretical model of expendable bathythermograph (XBT) fall rate is reviewed, and a new form of fall-rate equation is proposed to include new-surface transient effects. Comparisons are made of T-7 XBT and CTD (conductivity, ... -
Response Characteristics of the VACM Compass and Vane Follower
(American Meteorological Society, 1992)Several simple laboratory experiments have been conducted to study the dynamic behavior of the vector-averaging current meter (VACM) compass and vane follower. They demonstrate that the behavior of the compass and vane ... -
Partitioning Sequences and Arrays of Directional Ocean Wave Spectra into Component Wave Systems
(American Meteorological Society, 1992)A method for characterizing wave systems from temporal sequences and spatial arrays of directional ocean surface gravity-wave spectral estimates is presented. The method is structured in two major stages. In the first ... -
Oceanographic Experiment Design II: Genetic Algorithms
(American Meteorological Society, 1992)The oceanographic experiment design problem is one of many problems in oceanography requiring nonlinear, constrained, global optimization. Having already revisited a steady-state (time-independent) experiment in acoustic ... -
A Parallel Algorithm for Variational Assimilation in Oceanography and Meteorology
(American Meteorological Society, 1992)A parallel algorithm is described for variational assimilation of observations into oceanic and atmospheric models. The algorithm may be coded first for execution on a serial computer and then trivially modified for execution ... -
Interpretation of Field Measurements Made with a Portable Albedometer
(American Meteorological Society, 1992)A small portable albedometer with direct readout of albedo values is described. The instrument is designed for surveying natural fields on foot. It was used on glaciers in Austria and Greenland, not for precision measurements ... -
Reduction of Noise Interference from METEOSAT Water Vapor Image Data by Means of Fourier Transform and Frequency Domain Filtering
(American Meteorological Society, 1984)Images provided by the water vapor channel data of meteorological satellites are suitable for the determination of wind vectors in the midtroposphere. Preprocessing the image data affects the quality and quantity of the ... -
A Two-Path, Two-Wavelength Ultraviolet Hygrometer
(American Meteorological Society, 1992)An ultraviolet-absorption hygrometer for airborne use was designed and tested. Here the principles of operation, the design, and the results of the first test flights are presented. The motivation for the new design is to ... -
A Comparison of Measured and Modeled Broadband Fluxes from Aircraft Data during the ICE '89 Field Experiment
(American Meteorological Society, 1992)During the 1989 intensive field campaign of the International Cirrus Experiment (ICE) over the North Sea, broadband radiative fluxes were measured in, above, and below cirrus cloud by a number of European meteorological ... -
C-Band Dual-Polarization Radar Observables in Rain
(American Meteorological Society, 1992)C-band dual-linear polarization radar observables are simulated from disdrometer measurements in rainfall and from gamma-model raindrop-size distributions. It is shown that rainfall is clustered in certain sections of ... -
A Study of Rain Estimation Methods from Space Using Dual-Wavelength Radar Measurements at Near-Nadir Incidence over Ocean
(American Meteorological Society, 1992)A question arising from the recent interest in spaceborne weather radar is what methods can be used to estimate precipitation parameters from space. In this paper, dual-wavelength airborne radar data obtained from flights ... -
Retrieval of Nonprecipitating Liquid Water Cloud Parameters from Microwave Data: A Simulation Study
(American Meteorological Society, 1992)A new microwave algorithm, analogous to the infrared ?radiance-ratioing? method (Eyre and Menzel 1989) is developed to retrieve the height and ?effective? fraction (defined as the product of the emissivity times the actual ... -
Collecting Supercooled Cloud Droplets as a Function of Droplet Size
(American Meteorological Society, 1992)Supercooled cloud droplets were inertially impacted onto ?cloud-sieves? at a mountaintop location. The large cross-sectional areas of the sieve meshes permitted grams of cloud water to be passively collected in minutes. ... -
Observations of Argos Performance
(American Meteorological Society, 1992)An Argos 32-byte message of known content has been transmitted over a 68-day period from a site located at Scripps Institution of Oceanography. The statistical analysis agrees with Service Argos. Due to sparse satellite ...