Irrigation and Drainage—Systems Policy Analysis and India Case Study

Abstract

Irrigation was one of the earliest efforts, supplementing agriculture, in the ascent of man. With the recent population explosion, it has become a critical issue in man's survival, and in environmental conservation. Irrigation and drainage, however, continue to be practiced, by and large, in a primitive manner, despite the fact that if the present practice continues, serious food scarcity and environmental degradation may have to be faced. Advances have taken place that can avert this bleak scenario. In this context, some policy issues are discussed, followed by the case study of irrigation and drainage in India. A brief overview of irrigation and drainage is undertaken. Modern systems concepts are used to analyze the policy. Objectives and evaluation criteria are briefly developed, followed by some important technological and environmental issues. An overview of the policy, as it evolved historically in the context of the technological and socioeconomic milieu, is undertaken. Modernization issues are identified. The subject is highlighted by reviewing the scene in India with policy formulation for modernization, with reference to detailed studies.