Noise and Air Pollution of High‐Speed Rail Systems

Abstract

Transportation noise and air pollution problems are a nemesis to our modern society. Each transportation system, high‐speed rail (HSR) included, has its own noise spectra, characteristic air pollutant emissions, and particular environmental problems. This paper presents a review of noise levels from different types of European and Asian high‐speed rail systems. Also presented is a comparison of associated air pollutant emissions. Comparisons of the European and Asian HSR noise levels are made with diesel rail propulsion, rapid‐rail transit, and existing rail noise standards. This permits a review of how HSR noise might affect the surrounding community since these systems are not yet operational in the United States. Noise abatement for high‐speed rail systems is also discussed. High‐speed rail relies on electric propulsion. Accordingly, the only air pollutants directly emitted are by the wheel bearings, freight, and/or entrained dust, all of which are generally insignificant. However, the power required of the electric power plant and the subsequent release of air pollutants at the plant must be considered to be attributable to the high‐speed rail system. The paper includes comparison of these releases with the air pollutants emitted by diesel locomotives and a typical aircraft. Finally, conclusions on the prediction of total air pollutant load and noise levels for high‐speed rail are discussed.