Thermal Dependent Physical Properties of Water

Abstract

Most physical properties of water are thermal dependent. In many instances of hydraulic engineering, this dependency is considered to be significant. In other instances, the dependency is recognized, necessitating manual modification of constants when problems are solved for nonstandard temperature conditions. There is need for a set of mathematical estimators describing thermal dependence, suited for rapid employment in engineering algorithms. Using such estimators, overall thermal sensitivity can be readily specified. Six equations are proposed describing the thermal variability of fundamental water properties. These equations are empirical approximations based on zero or one temperature transformation and two or three constants. These equations were determined through a search of functional relationships minimizing squared deviations from a regressed line. Each equation, linearly transformed, yielded an R