Now showing items 841-860 of 1023

    • Least‐Squares Adjustments of Seasonal Leveling 

      Nyarba Ananga (American Society of Civil Engineers, 1991)
      The vertical motions of 11 control points in the Northern part of Israel (Haifa North‐East) are studied seasonally for a period of one full year (October 1988 to September 1989). The purpose of this paper is to compare the ...
    • Geodetic Coordinate Systems in Florida: GPS Contribution 

      Tomás Soler; William E. Strange; Jeffrey S. Ferguson (American Society of Civil Engineers, 1991)
      Measurements and results derived from the three‐dimensional Global Positioning System (GPS) are more accurate than classical geodetic observations and methods used until recently to define conventional horizontal (geometric) ...
    • Computation of Horizontal/Level Distances 

      Earl F. Burkholder (American Society of Civil Engineers, 1991)
      With increasing precision in distance measurements made by surveyors and engineers, the definition of
    • Data‐Base Management System Technology and Geographic Information Systems 

      Richard J. Pollock; John D. McLaughlin (American Society of Civil Engineers, 1991)
      Current operational data‐base management system technology is restrictive in its capacity to clearly model and efficiently manage complex data objects, in general, and spatial data objects, such as those handled by geographic ...
    • Pyramid Frustum Formula for Computing Volumes at Roadway Transition Areas 

      Said M. Easa (American Society of Civil Engineers, 1991)
      Intermediate transition and sidehill cross sections are normally established when the roadway section changes from cut to fill or vice versa. The average-end-area (AEA) and pyramid formulas are employed in practice for ...
    • Orange County's Conversion to NAD 83 

      John Canas (American Society of Civil Engineers, 1990)
      In 1987 the Orange County Surveyor initiated the conversion of its horizontal control system to the North American Datum of 1983 (NAD 83). The decision to make the transition was precipitated by the need to establish a ...
    • Modeling of Stadia Surveying with Incomplete Intercepts 

      Said M. Easa (American Society of Civil Engineers, 1990)
      Observation of the half‐ and quarter‐intercepts in stadia surveying is often necessary for long sights, large vertical angles, and situations in which the line of sight is obstructed. Applying the standard stadia formulas ...
    • Kinematic Positioning—Efficient New Tool for Surveying 

      K. P. Schwarz (American Society of Civil Engineers, 1990)
      The paper gives an introduction to the rapidly emerging field of kinematic surveying, which deals with the concepts and techniques of conducting accurate surveys from moving vehicles. It briefly outlines the underlying ...
    • Restrictions in Geodetic Networks 

      A. Grimm‐Pitzinger; K. Hanke (American Society of Civil Engineers, 1990)
      The mathematical model of the adjustment of a geodetic network is generally supplemented by restrictions concerning the unknown parameters. This can occur with datum problems or by constraints resulting from the formulation ...
    • Reliability Analysis of Phase Observations in GPS Baseline Estimation 

      Z. F. Biacs; E. J. Krakiwsky; D. Lapucha (American Society of Civil Engineers, 1990)
      The use of outlier detection, reliability measures from the theory of survey network analysis, and the concept of condition numbers from linear algebra are applied to the statistical and numerical analysis of Global ...
    • Contouring—Simulation of Cartographer's Procedure 

      B. Shmutter; Y. Doytsher (American Society of Civil Engineers, 1990)
      Contours must be interpolated when preparing new maps on the basis of existing maps (for example, transforming contours from feet to meters). The new contours are generated by simulating the manual interpolation a skilled ...
    • Private Utility Surveying Engineering: Total Station Experience 

      Nicholas B. Day (American Society of Civil Engineers, 1990)
      Pacific Gas & Electric Company (PG&E) maintains and operates 21 power plants, 71 dams and hydro facilities, 14,000 mi of electric transmission lines, and 5,000 mi of gas transmission lines in its service territory of 94,000 ...
    • Entity‐Coded Neutral‐File Format for Integrating Data Collectors 

      T. K. Koo; M. K. Lim (American Society of Civil Engineers, 1990)
      Electronic total stations and data collectors have come to be recognized as vital productivity tools in the age of digital mapping. Information encoded in data collectors represents the first and, perhaps, most important ...
    • Monitoring Land Subsidence in Sacramento Valley, California, Using GPS 

      J. C. Blodgett; M. E. Ikehara; G. E. Williams (American Society of Civil Engineers, 1990)
      Land subsidence measurement is usually based on a comparison of bench‐mark elevations surveyed at different times. These bench marks, established for mapping or the national vertical control network, are not necessarily ...
    • Trends in Geographic Information System Technology 

      John M. Smyrnew (American Society of Civil Engineers, 1990)
      AS we enter the second decade of automated geographic information systems, important technology trends are emerging that will have a strong impact on how these systems are used and by whom. No longer are departmental systems ...
    • Contractor Staking: Saving Public‐Works Dollars 

      Thomas R. Warne (American Society of Civil Engineers, 1990)
      In 1985, the Arizona Department of Transportation (ADOT) adopted a new program called “Contractor Staking.” Intended to reduce overall construction engineering costs, this new concept has revolutionized ADOT's approach to ...
    • GPS as Fast Surveying Tool 

      J. David Newcomer (American Society of Civil Engineers, 1990)
      Global positioning system (GPS) equipment, the world's best electronic distance measuring machines (EDMs), are becoming faster and easier to use. Not only does one use this new portable equipment to establish distance, but ...
    • GIS: Useful Tool or Expensive Toy? 

      Roger B. Arend (American Society of Civil Engineers, 1990)
      The relatively new technology known as geographic information system (GIS) has many possible uses for engineers who have projects covering large geographic areas. The many categories of data that can be included in a GIS ...