Small Scale Modeling of Vertical Surface Jets in Cross-Flow: Reynolds Number and Downwash Effects

Abstract

Jet-crossflow experiments were performed in a water channel to determine the Reynolds number effects on the plume trajectory and entrainment coefficient. The purpose was to establish a lower limit down to which small scale laboratory experiments are accurate models of large scale atmospheric scenarios. Two models of a turbulent vertical surface jet (diameters 3.175mm and 12.7mm) were designed and tested over a range of jet exit Reynolds numbers up to 104. The results show that from Reynolds number 200–4000 there is about a 40% increase in the entrainment coefficient, whereas from Reynolds number 4000–10,000, the increase in entrainment coefficient is only 2%. The conclusion is that Reynolds numbers significantly affect plume trajectories when the model Reynolds numbers are below 4000. Changing the initial turbulence in the exit flow from 12% to 2% without changing its mean velocity profile caused a less than one source diameter increase in the final plume rise.