Abstract: In this paper, we investigate the relationship between the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) spring persistence barrier (PB) and predictability barrier (PD) and apply it to explain the interdecadal modulation of ENSO ...

Abstract: The role of ocean forcing on Atlantic multidecadal variability (AMV) is assessed from the (downward) heat flux–SST relation in the framework of a new stochastic climate theory forced by red noise ocean forcing. Previous ...

Abstract: Bridges constructed with adjacent precast concrete box beams have been in service for many years. A recurring problem with this type of bridge is cracking in the longitudinal joints between adjacent beams. Many research ...

Abstract: A reversal of zonal sea surface temperature (SST) gradient in the equatorial Atlantic is a common bias in climate models. Studies to investigate the origin of this bias mainly focused on the tropics itself. Applying the ...

Abstract: The load rating factor is a measurement used to describe the load carrying capacity of a bridge, issue permits to heavy trucks, and determine load postings on bridges. The Bridge Engineering Center (BEC) at Iowa State ...

Abstract: Corrosion is important in the design, maintenance, and preservation of bridge steel pile foundation systems. It is an inevitable phenomenon when steel is exposed to the environment, as metals tend to return to their lower ...

Abstract: With slide-in bridge construction, the bridge superstructure is constructed off the final alignment and then slid laterally from the temporary worksite onto the in-place substructure. Once the sliding is completed, a closure ...

Abstract: Heinrich Stadial 1 (HS1) was the major climate event at the onset of the last deglaciation associated with rapid cooling in Greenland and lagged, slow warming in Antarctica. Although it is widely believed that temperature ...