Abstract: To design and operate a distribution system, one must understand how it will perform when subjected to external hydraulic loads and demands. This paper presents a hybrid model that efficiently tracks the full range of ...

Abstract: The paper presents a life-cycle energy analysis (LCEA) to quantify energy expenditures in the fabrication, use, and end-of-life stages of the pipes of a water distribution system. The methodology incorporates the capabilities ...

Abstract: The objective of this paper is to assess the impact of proposed Canadian climate change mitigation policies (discounting and carbon pricing) on cost, energy use, and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the single-objective ...