Abstract: Sensitivity analysis is used to determine how a system state or a model output changes due to a change in the value of a system parameter or a model input. We present the adjoint approach for determining the sensitivity ...

Abstract: A Darcy bottle is a water bottle that is filled with porous material and liquid, and that contains a drain assembly on the bottom of the bottle to allow liquid to drain. A collection of Darcy bottles with different ...

Abstract: Engineered injection and extraction (EIE) is a method of in situ remediation of contaminated groundwater in which a treatment chemical that reacts with the contaminant is injected into the contaminated aquifer, and a series ...

Abstract: Stream depletion is the reduction in flow rate in a stream due to pumping in an aquifer that is hydraulically connected to the stream. We developed a semianalytical expression for stream depletion for pumping in a homogeneous ...

Abstract: If a contamination event occurs in a water distribution system, sensors in the network may observe water quality changes. The data from these sensors can be used to identify the source of the contamination. The sensors can ...

Abstract: If a chemical or biological agent is released into a water distribution system, sensors that are installed in the pipe network may detect the contamination as it travels through the system. To minimize the adverse impact ...

Abstract: During in situ groundwater remediation, reactions occur in a narrow reaction front in which the amendment and contaminant are close enough to mix. Active spreading, in which injection or extraction wells create spatially ...