Abstract: Large‐scale loading tests were conducted on closed‐toe and open‐toe piles driven into dense submerged sand confined in a pressure chamber. Unit load‐transfer relations were developed and related to stress conditions in the ...

Abstract: Driving tests are conducted on large‐scale steel model pipe piles with open toes to determine how geometric configurations of the toes affect driving performance. A further objective is to investigate a wave‐equation model ...