Abstract: Ergonomic problems of surgical lighting systems have been indicated by surgeons. However, the underlying causes are not clear. The aim of this study is to assess the problems in detail. Luminaire ...

Abstract: Flexible endoscopes are used for diagnostic and therapeutic interventions in the human body for their ability to be advanced through tortuous trajectories. However, this very same property causes ...

Abstract: Flexible endoscopes are used for diagnostic and therapeutic interventions in the human body for their ability to be advanced through tortuous trajectories. However, this very same property causes ...

Abstract: Laparoscopic surgery is performed with long and slender instruments through one or several incisions in the abdominal wall. Steerable instruments with flexible distal tips have been developed for ...