Abstract: Disk herniation is often considered a cumulative injury in that repetitive stress on the posterior annulus can result in the nucleus pulposus penetrating the annulus fibrosus and eventually ...

Abstract: The annulus fibrosus of the intervertebral disk experiences multidirectional tension in vivo, yet the majority of mechanical property testing has been uniaxial. Therefore, our understanding of how ...

Abstract: While the individual tissues of the vertebral joint demonstrate viscoelastic properties, the global viscoelastic properties of the lumbar vertebral joint are not well established. This study ...