Abstract: During two field campaigns in 1993 and 1994, measurements of aromatic compounds [benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, m-/p-/o-xylenes (BTEX)] were carried out at urban and rural sites in the greater Munich area. These field ...

Abstract: Characteristics of different precipitation measurements in a tropical mountain valley in southern Ecuador are compared in this study to determine potential errors. The instruments are used for different ecological purposes ...

Abstract: Engine designers require accurate predictions of ingestion (or ingress) principally caused by circumferential pressure asymmetry in the mainstream annulus. Cooling air systems provide purge flow designed to limit metal ...

Abstract: To comply with future emission regulations for internal combustion engines, system-related cold start conditions in short-distance traffic constitute a particular challenge. Under these conditions, pollutant emissions are ...

Abstract: This paper presents experimental and computational results using a 1.5-stage test rig designed to investigate the effects of ingress through a double radial overlap rim-seal. The effect of the vanes and blades on ingress ...

Abstract: The ingress of hot annulus gas into stator–rotor cavities is an important topic to engine designers. Rim-seals reduce the pressurized purge required to protect highly stressed components. This paper describes an experimental ...

Abstract: In gas turbines, rim seals are fitted at the periphery of stator and rotor discs to minimize the purge flow required to seal the wheel-space between the discs. Ingestion (or ingress) of hot mainstream gases through rim ...

Abstract: In high-pressure turbines, cool air is purged through rim seals at the periphery of wheel-spaces between the stator and rotor disks. The purge suppresses the ingress of hot gas from the annulus but superfluous use is ...