GPS Vector Network Adjustment in a Local System of Coordinates Based on Linear-Angular Spatial Pseudo-Observations

Abstract

The idea of integrated measurements, combining classic field observations and satellite observations, has recently been applied in geodetic work with increasing frequency. To draw an entire set of such observations numerically, it is necessary to reduce them to a common mathematical space (e.g., onto the surface of an ellipsoid WGS84). This paper presents a proposed adjustment of GPS observations in a local reference system without the necessity of transforming and mapping them. The adjustment process is carried out after a GPS vector network is transformed into a spatial angular-distance network. This allows an easy integration with classical observations (joint adjustment of all observations). Detailed formulas are provided and used to develop a mathematical adjustment model. The computational algorithm is verified in practice.