The Tornado Problem: Forecast, Warning, and Response

Abstract

Research on tornadoes over the last 20 years has been conducted by a combination of universities, research institutions, federal agencies, and more recently by private meteorological companies. Recent advances in scientific technologies and computers have led to an explosion of knowledge in the last decade. This is evidenced by increased accuracy in the detection and prediction of tornadoes as well as increased warning lead time before tornado formation. Most of the research in this area has focused on the physical sciences and technology portion of the warning process. Far less attention has been spent on the warning communication process, behavioral response, and epidemiology of tornadoes. The translation of improved technologies into better tornado forecasting and warning services must also involve the incorporation of physical and social science. This is necessary to develop improved warning communication and coordination processes that will lead to the further reduction of tornado related injuries and fatalities.