Sewage‐Related Wastes and Oceans: A Problem?

Abstract

An examination of the case study and other scientific papers concerning the effects of sewage‐related wastes on the oceans shows a growing consensus that ocean disposal may, in some cases, be the best option for environmental as well as economic reasons. Environmental issues such as this, however, are complicated by widely varying perceptions and values within the population as a whole; conflict is inevitable, and regulatory reform initiatives seem required by the severity and complexity of the issues involved. While engineers can profitably continue the development of models which predict the fate of sewage particulates, it is equally important that social scientists be encouraged to direct their attention to this issue. Fundamental studies are needed to clarify who bears the economic and social burdens in each disposal option (land, air, water), and to define methods of approaching a fair and efficient decision.