Proportional Strain Tests of Fresh‐Water Ice Rubble

Abstract

Fresh‐water ice rubble was tested under proportional displacement rates in a plane‐strain apparatus. Stress‐strain relationships and values of the mobilized angle of internal friction were determined for a range of strain paths. Stresses increased with increasing strains. Shear stress dependence on shear strain and mean pressure dependence on volumetric strain followed logarithmic equations. The roles of block‐size distribution and of submerging the rubble were examined. The results are also compared to those of model ice rubble.