Energy and Economic Viability Analysis of Grid-Connected Rooftop Photovoltaic System in Mediterranean Climate—A Case Study in Algeria

Abstract

Abstract. Rooftop photovoltaic (PV) installations represent a relevant solution for harnessing solar energy in urban areas. This study presents an in-depth evaluation of the energy performance, economic feasibility, and environmental benefits of a 3.2 kWp grid-connected rooftop PV (GCRPV) system located in northwestern Algeria under Mediterranean climatic conditions. Data collected from Oct. 2020 to June 2022 are utilized to assess system efficiency, yields, and losses. The system's performance is compared to similar PV systems installed in other countries. Additionally, the pvsyst software was employed to determine the optimal tilt angle for the study site. The degradation rate is estimated using a linear standard regression approach. Various economic metrics, including levelized cost of energy, payback period, and net present value, are calculated using homer software. The results indicate average final and reference yields of 2.99 h/day and 4.59 h/day, respectively, with a performance ratio of 65.74% and a capacity factor of 12.65%. The most effective tilt angle was found to be 34.6 deg, resulting in a 1.55% increase in annual energy generation. The PV system has shown a degradation rate of approximately 1.73%/year. The economic results indicate that the system is not economically attractive without implementing financial incentives and appropriate residential PV tariffs. This study provides useful data on GCRPV systems for Mediterranean regions, enabling planners and decision-makers to assess the effectiveness of future GCRPV systems.