A Novel Rotation-Mitigation Technology for Cycling Helmets Tested Across Helmet Types, Impact Locations, and Headforms

Abstract

Abstract. Head rotation is the leading cause of diffuse brain injuries from cycling accidents, with severe, long-term, or even fatal consequences. Here, we present a novel helmet safety technology, the release layer system (RLS), designed to enhance conventional helmets and reduce the likelihood of such injuries. RLS is located on the outer side of the helmet and thus gets impacted first. The force of the impact activates a rolling mechanism triggering the release of an outer polycarbonate panel, thereby dispersing and transforming a substantial portion of the incident rotational energy. To evaluate the effectiveness of the technology, we conducted oblique impact tests on three popular helmet types, in conventional and RLS-equipped configurations, at three impact locations. RLS-equipped helmets reduced peak angular velocity (PAV) by 57–66%, averaged across impact locations, compared to their conventional counterparts. This corresponds to a 68–86% reduction in the probability of an AIS2+ brain injury, as estimated by the Brain Injury Criterion. The most notable improvement was observed at the pYrot location (front impacts, midsagittal plane) with up to 85% PAV reduction. Testing across headforms further demonstrated the effectiveness of the technology in mitigating head rotation irrespective of variations in evaluation setups. This work introduces a novel mechanism for rotational impact mitigation and provides evidence of its potential benefits compared with conventional helmets. As an outer-layer approach, RLS may offer an alternative pathway for managing rotational kinematics in future helmet designs.