Failure Mechanism in TRM-Strengthened Damaged Concrete Based on Three-Dimensional Mesoscale Modeling

Abstract

Abstract The behavior of textile-reinforced mortar (TRM) composites in different substrates depends on the strength of the textile, the matrix, and the substrate. Simulating three key failure modes—TRM debonding, textile fracture, and matrix cracking—... Practical Applications This study provides practicing engineers and construction professionals with actionable insights for optimizing TRM systems in concrete strengthening applications. The developed and validated 3D mesoscale finite-element model ...