Optimization of LID Facility Layout Based on the Coupled SWMM–SynxFlow Model and Active CMA-ES Algorithm

Abstract

AbstractTo address the challenges posed by extreme rainfall, this study proposes a spatial optimization model for deploying low-impact development (LID) facilities, with a university campus in Lianyungang, China, as the case study. The model minimizes the ...This graphical abstract adopts a left-to-right flowchart design to illustrate the optimization and evaluation framework for Low Impact Development system. The process begins on the left, showing data acquisition using an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle and the ...