Spatial Distribution and Evolution of Population in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei Region: A Multiscale and Multimodal Data Perspective

Abstract

Abstract As a vital metropolitan region in Northern China, the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (Jing-Jin-Ji) area is characterized by significant spatial heterogeneity in population distribution. However, the features and evolving trends of this heterogeneity ... Practical Applications This study introduces a scalable analytical framework for detecting population distributional disequilibria across macro-, county, and township scales. It decomposes the spatial Gini and Dagum–Gini coefficients, alongside spatial ...