Mechanical Response of Calcareous Sand under Static and Dynamic Loading: Development of a Unified Breakage Prediction Model

Abstract

Abstract Calcareous sand, characterized by high porosity and fragile particle morphology, exhibits complex mechanical responses and particle breakage under multistage shear loading in coastal and seabed environments. This study systematically ... Practical Applications Calcareous sand is ubiquitous in the contexts of marine island reef environments and associated geotechnical engineering. Calcareous sand typically displays intricate mechanical behaviors when subjected to both static and dynamic ...