Influence of Local Leakage in a Shield Tunnel on Stratum Deformation

Abstract

Abstract Local leakage from a shield tunnel significantly impacts the surrounding strata, leading to surface subsidence and potential collapse. This study develops a discrete-element program and adopts the FEM-discrete-element method coupling model to ... Graphical Abstract The graphic abstract consists of three parts. The first part describes the tunnel leakage conditions, simulation methods, and leakage results. The second section summarizes the core research findings of this study, focusing on the ...