Three-Dimensional Upper-Bound Plastic Limit Analysis and Experimental Validation of Karst Foundations: Bearing Capacity Assessment and Failure Mechanisms

Abstract

Abstract Karst foundations, characterized by caves and weak interlayers, pose significant challenges in stability assessment. Traditional 2D methods fail to capture the complex spatial interactions governing load transfer and failure mechanisms. This ... Practical Applications This study presents a systematic approach for pile foundation safety assessment in karst terrains, as implemented in the Kunming International Airport expansion project. For site-specific geological conditions, engineers can first ...