Optimization of Bioremediation of Phenol, 4-Chlorophenol, and Catechol by a Microbial Consortium Using Response Surface Methodology

Abstract

AbstractAerobic treatment of pharmaceutical wastewater was carried out using a microbial consortium comprising Brevibacillus formosus, Pseudomonas otitidis, Bacillus timonensis, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus pseudomycoides, and Bacillus paramycoides, isolated ...Graphical abstract showing aerobic biodegradation of phenol, 4-chlorophenol, and catechol by a six-species bacterial consortium optimized using response surface methodology (RSM), achieving efficient pollutant removal with 99.87% overall degradation....Practical ApplicationsThis study demonstrates a practical and environmentally sustainable biological approach for treating industrial wastewater containing toxic phenolic compounds. A naturally enriched aerobic bacterial consortium achieved near-complete ...