Scaled Decentralization Approach for Urban Sewerage Infrastructure Planning: Lessons from Life-Cycle Costing

Abstract

AbstractRapid investments are taking place in wastewater treatment and management in developing countries, focused on the construction of sewer networks. Decentralized wastewater treatment systems in networked infrastructure are suggested alternatives for ...Practical ApplicationsThis work presents applied research focusing on the costing variations among different cost components due to alternative designs of decentralized configurations, and combinations of population density and topography. The design was ...The life cycle cost of sewerage infrastructure includes the conveyance cost of sewage, pumping cost and sewage treatment cost. The energy consumption is of concern as 56% of the greenhouse gas emissions are associated with the water industry. Settlement ...