Comprehending the Intricacies of the Nitrogen Transformation Dynamics in High-Rate Tower-Hybrid Macrophyte-Assisted Vermifilters Treating Brewery Wastewater

Abstract

AbstractTo date, only limited studies are available on optimizing the process parameters of macrophyte-assisted vermifiltration (MAVF) technology for removing nitrogen from any wastewater. Nitrogen removal pathways in macrophyte-assisted (MA) vermifilters ...The main components of the designed tower-hybrid macrophyte-assisted vermifilter (MAVF) were earthworms, vermibed media, and macrophytes, which, in combination, facilitated the removal of nitrogen (N) from brewery wastewater. A response surface ...