Valorization of Waste Pond Ash Replacing River Sand in Sustainable Mortar: Assessing Engineering Properties and Sustainability Aspects Using Life-Cycle Assessment and Analytic Hierarchy Process

Abstract

AbstractIn this study, river sand in cement mortar was systematically replaced with pond ash to promote circular economy principles. Two experimental series were conducted using cement–sand volumetric mix ratios of 1∶3 and 1∶6. In Series-1, river sand was ...