Asymmetrical Load on the Preceding Tunnel of Twin Tunnels in Soil Based on Composite Arching Effect

Abstract

Abstract To ensure the safety of twin tunnels in soil, especially closely spaced shield tunnels, it is critical to evaluate the adverse load on the preceding or existing tunnel induced by adjacent tunneling. This study proposes a novel arching effect ... Practical Applications Twin tunnels are extensively utilized in underground facilities, such as subways, and are often excavated sequentially. The preceding or existing tunnel in soil is subjected to the adverse effects induced by adjacent tunneling, ...