Feasibility of Using Foamed Lightweight Soils with Phosphogypsum as Partial Substitute for Cement in Subgrade Engineering: Multiscale Properties and Sustainability Analysis

Abstract

AbstractPhosphogypsum (PG), as industrial solid waste, can partially replace cement in foamed lightweight soil (FLS) to promote environmentally sustainable development. However, to verify this statement, a comprehensive assessment of the amended FLS is ...A graphical abstract shows sustainable development of subgrade engineering using foamed lightweight soils (FLS) with phosphogypsum (PG) as a partial substitute for cement. The process includes cement and foaming agent production, mixing with PG, and ...