Contaminant Intrusion and Extrusion Patterns in Pipelines during Transient Flow: Eulerian and Lagrangian Methods

Abstract

AbstractContaminant intrusion in water distribution systems (WDSs) poses a significant challenge, necessitating precise numerical models to estimate intruded contaminants and predict their fate. This study introduces a novel full Lagrangian solver for ...Practical ApplicationsThis research provides water utilities with critical tools to predict and manage contaminant intrusion risks during transient events. Our novel Lagrangian-based solver reduces simulation time by more than 80% compared with ...