Radial Freeze–Thaw-Induced Water Migration and Its Impact on Frost Heave and Thaw Settlement in Clay

Abstract

Abstract Artificial ground freezing has significant advantages in urban underground construction and for the reinforcement of water-rich soft clay layers. However, frost heave and thaw settlement induced by the freeze–thaw cycle (FTC) remain critical ... Practical Applications Artificial ground freezing (AGF) is widely used to stabilize water-rich soft soils in underground construction such as metro cross-passages and emergency ground repair. However, frost heave during freezing and settlement during ...