Optimizing Self-Compacting Concrete with Bone China Ceramic and Granite Waste for Improved Mechanical and Durability Properties

Abstract

This research paper investigates the robustness of self-compacting concrete (SCC) incorporating bone china ceramic waste powder (BCCWP) and granite cutting waste (GCW) for sustainable development in the construction industry. The study was driven by the urgent need to reduce the environmental footprint of construction activities, which are traditionally resource-intensive and contribute significantly to environmental degradation. Incorporating BCCWP and GCW, materials commonly discarded in landfills, the approach helps reduce waste and conserve natural resources by partially substituting cement and fine aggregate. Two factors and four levels were considered in the present study. The Taguchi L16 orthogonal array experiments were used. Larger the better and smaller the better condition was used to maximize and minimize the response. Signal-Noise ratio (S/N) and multiresponse desirability were performed, and optimal levels were reported in the study. Additionally, the analysis of variance (ANOVA) provided a statistical verification of the relevance of these materials in improving the concrete’s properties. Incorporating 10% BCCWP and 30% GCW in SCC enhances compressive strength by 15%, reduces chloride penetration by 20%, and improves postheating compressive strength by 12%, significantly boosting overall durability and fire resistance without compromising the structural integrity of the concrete. This study highlights the environmental and practical benefits of incorporating waste materials into concrete by reducing the embodied energy by 9%, supporting their broader use in the construction industry for sustainable development.