Development of Fiber Cement Boards Using Recycled Jute Fibers for Building Applications

Abstract

This study aims to develop, enhance, and characterize the qualities of recycled jute fiber and kraft pulp as reinforcement for use in cement composite boards for building applications in developing countries. In many African countries, jute fiber (Corchorus capsularis) is readily available but faces challenges in achieving a strong bond with the cement matrix. To address this, mild treatment with different alkali concentrations was employed to modify the fiber properties before reinforcement. Alkali treatment significantly improved fiber characteristics such as tensile strength, Young’s modulus, thermal stability, and surface morphology, as confirmed by the single fiber tensile test, thermogravimetric analysis, and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. Using a laboratory-simulated Hatschek process, cement composite boards were produced with varying percentages (2–6 wt.%) of treated and untreated jute fiber. The mechanical properties and fractured surface morphology of the boards were examined through a three-point bending test and scanning electron microscopy. Results showed that the composites reinforced with treated fibers exhibited significantly improved flexural strength and ductility compared with the untreated ones. SEM examination revealed that the untreated fiber-reinforced composite experienced fiber pull-out due to poor bonding at the fiber–matrix interface. In contrast, the composites reinforced with treated fibers displayed optimal strength, meeting the minimum requirements for fiber cement flat sheets according to relevant standards. An optimum flexural strength of 9.57 MPa was achieved for composite boards containing 10 and 4 wt.% of kraft pulp and treated jute fibers, respectively. Overall, this study demonstrates that recycled jute fibers could be successfully enhanced and reused as reinforcement in cement composite boards, leading to improved properties and mechanical performance in cement composite boards. Hence, it provides environmental benefits and contributes to the circular economy.